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Purpose: Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a global issue occurring due to tear deficiency or excessive tear evaporation. It is associated with a variety of symptoms causing ocular discomfort. The purpose of the study was to evaluate causative factors, treatment modalities, quality of life, and preservatives used in eye drops. Methods: This prospective, follow?up study was conducted in the ophthalmology outpatient department of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Patients older than 18 years of age of either sex diagnosed with DES and willing to give written informed consent were included. The patients were subjected to the Ocular surface disease index Questionnaire (OSDI Questionnaire) twice; at the time of the first visit and at 15 days follow?up. Results: A male preponderance was observed with a 1.86:1 male?to?female ratio. The mean age of the study population was 29.15 ± 10.07 years. The most common presenting complaints were symptoms related to dryness of the eyes followed by refractive error. Exposure to TV/computer screen for more than 6 hours is the most common causative factor. There was a statistically significant improvement in overall quality of life (QoL) in patients of DES on treatment. However, no significant difference was seen in the improvement of quality of life in comparison with different preservatives used in prescribed eye drops for the treatment of DES. Conclusion: DES can adversely affect the quality of life of patients. Prompt treatment of this condition can significantly improve the patient’s QoL. Physicians should be encouraged to perform quality of life evaluations for patients with DES to guide them in treatment with more individual?specific treatment options.
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Introduction: Glaucoma is an idiopathic, progressive optic disc neuropathy complicating into irreversible blindness if untreated. Early diagnosis by screening cases from high-risk populations has a pivotal role in managing this major public health problem with high treatment expenditures. Objectives: To identify the various ocular and non ocular risk factors of glaucoma and to identify the drug prescription pattern among glaucoma patients. Method: This was an observational, case-control study including 165 adult Glaucoma patients on treatment as cases and 165 age and sex-matched healthy individuals as controls, all of which were randomly selected from the patients visiting a tertiary eye care center. Various risk factors, drug prescription pattern and symptoms of the patients were recorded and analyzed. Results: A total of 165 adult Glaucoma patients and age and gender matched 165 controls were enrolled. Majority of the patients (41.21%) complained of blurring of vision at the time of study. The Odds ratios for Family history, Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Migraine, Sleep apnea and Smoking showed strong association as risk factors for Glaucoma and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (p value < 0.05). The mean number of drugs per prescription ± SD was 1.88 ± 0.79. Fixed drug formulations were prescribed in 42.4% patients. All the drugs were prescribed by their brand names and majority of them were in the form of eye drops. Conclusion: Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) was the most common subtype in the study. Age, Family history, Myopia, Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Sleep Apnea, Migraine, Corticosteroid usage and Smoking emerged as putative risk factors. In consistence with present guidelines, Prostaglandin analogs were the most prescribed antiglaucoma drugs. The considerable proportion of asymptomatic cases (23%) suggests the need for periodic eye examinations to detect glaucomatous changes at an early stage.
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Introduction : Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible visual loss in world and also in India. Because of the relatively asymptomatic initial phase of the disease, it is often detected by chance and is frequently associated with extensive and irreversible damage at the time of diagnosis. Objectives: To screen for Glaucoma among patients eligible as per inclusion criteria, to classify the glaucoma cases according to clinical presentation and to correlate the occurrence of glaucoma with different variables. Method: The present study was conducted at one of the tertiary care hospitals of Ahmedabad city during celebration of “World Glaucoma Week - 2021”. Total 1421 patients were offered opportunistic screening after oral informed consent during 6-12 March 2021, who attended the institute. After applying exclusion criteria, 945 were found eligible who underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination like visual acuity, intra- ocular pressure measurement, gonioscopy, optical disc and visual filed examinations were carried out as per standard protocols. Sociodemographic details, any relevant ophthalmic history pertaining to glaucoma and systemic illnesses were also assessed. The data were entered and analyzed in MS excel. Results: The incidence of newly diagnosed cases of glaucoma among opportunistic screened cohort was 36.71% (n=347). Of total newly diagnosed, the presentation as per clinical classification was as follows: Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) - 202 (58.21%), Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) - 77 (22.19%), Primary angle closure suspect (PACS) – 41 (11.82%), Ocular hypertension (OHT) – 6 (1.73%), Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) – 10 (2.88%), Secondary glaucoma – 9 (7.09%) and Congenital glaucoma – 2 (0.58%). In yield, 25 (19.68%) were ?40 years and 36 (28.35%) had positive family history of glaucoma. Conclusion: Presence of stand-alone Diabetes and Hypertension or presence of both accompanying – all three conditions were found to be statistically significant determinant for occurrence of particular variety of Glaucoma. There was highly significant statistical association between cup-disc ratio level at the time of presentation and clinical variety of glaucoma
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o evaluate incidence of secondary glaucoma in post traumatic cases and correlates with the type of injuryMaterials & Methodology TheData wasobtained from the records of 140 patient and reviewedand analysed from apr-2011 –December 2013.Results :The 32 months incidence of developing posttraumatic glaucoma was 11.39%.Need for glaucoma surgery was independtly associated with a)Angle+ iris injury (46 cases , 32.85%)b)Corneal + iris injury (15 cases , 10.71%)c)Lens injury (56 cases , 40%)d)Angle recession (21 cases,15%)e)Presence of optic atrophy (16 cases , 11.42%)f)H/o penetrating trauma(17 cases , 12.14%)g)Vitreal injury 7 cases ( 5% ) Conclusions:This study estimates incidence 11.36% for the developing secondary glaucoma after ocular trauma associated with closed globed injury , blunt trauma. This study provides an estimate for the risk of developing glaucoma after ocular contusion in a large cohort study population and has determined several independently predictive factors that were significantly associated with development of posttraumatic glaucoma. Theseincluded poor visual acuity, advancing age , lens injury, angle recession.
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his paper describes various aspects of presentationof methyl alcohol poisoning, especially ophthalmic and its correlation with visual outcome with different modalities of management.In the outbreak of methyl alcohol poisoning in Ahmedabad in July 2009, 138 patients admitted in Smt. Shardaben Hospital were selected for this study. Fifty seven of them presented with severe acidosis and visual impairment and lost their lives in spite of treatment. Twenty seven out of the 81 who survived had visual impairment. Thus total 84 (61%) patients out of 137 had visual impairment. Ophthalmic examination was done in all the 81 cases in detail. We found thatthe amount of alcohol consumed and acidosis had unfavourable impact on visual impairment as well as prognosis. Early correction of acidosis and early institution of hemodialysis had favourable visual prognosis.
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INTRODUCTION Visual acuity assessment is a simple but extremely important examination in ophthalmology. This aids examination and diagnosis of common eye diseases. This is done using standardized Snellen’s chart1.OBJECTIVE To teach visual acuity assessment to undergraduates by various Teaching-learning methods,Obtaining perception of faculties and students for these.,To identify the method most preferred by most of the undergraduates.METHODOLOGYA prospective experimental study.Sample size = 100After IRB approval, the study was carried out during the ophthalmic term of third MBBS students. Four teaching methods were power point presentation, role play, video clip show and clinical demonstration. Evaluation was done by pre-post test in form of standardized validated MCQs (cognitive domain) and DOPS (directly observed practical skill) with checklist (for psychomotor and affective domain).RESULTS Statistically significant improvement in learning of students observed from pre-post test. Mean value of marks improved from 5.64 to 8.94 and SD value 1.307 to 1.052 with p value 0.0001 .Student’s feedback was suggestive of increase in confidence in skill with preferred method being clinical demonstration. Faculty feedback was positive with suggestion for such modules for other topics as well.CONCLUSION Learning improved with multiple teaching-learning methods. More than 95% faculty and students agree with the teaching-learning methods.LIMITATIONLong term results could not be evaluated.