ABSTRACT
Objective: This audit was carried out principally to assess adherence of histopathological reporting of colorectal cancer cases at Shifa International Hospital [SIH], Islamabad to the College of American Pathologists [CAP] Protocol
Materials and Methods: The audit sample includes 100 cases of colorectal cancer identified via large biopsies. The cases were retrospectively collected from 30-11- 2014 to 04-06-2012 using Oracle software. Reaudit was done from 01-06-2015 to 30-09-2015 and included 09 cases of colorectal cancer
Results: Out of a total of 9 macroscopic features specimen type was mentioned in 100% of reports. 3 parameters [procedure, specimen length and tumor site] were mentioned in more than 90% reports.Macroscopic tumor perforation was mentioned in 84% reports and tumor size in 62% reports. Macroscopic intactness of mesorectum was mentioned in 87% of cases. Out of a total of 24 microscopic features histological tumor type was mentioned in 100% reports. Tumor grade, pathological stage and lymph node involvement was mentioned in more than 90% of reports. Status of proximal and distal margin was given in 99% of reports; however status of radial margin was mentioned in only 92% of reports. Features suggestive of microsatellite instability were mentioned in less than 20% of cases. Reaudit was carried out after an interval of 06 months which showed marked improvement
Conclusion: Audits play an important part in improving the quality of histopathological reporting. Continuous medical education and frequent audits should be imparted so that we as pathologists can learn from our mistakes and play proactive part in better patient management
ABSTRACT
The Research diagnostic criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders [RDC/TMD] is a tool used by International RDC/TMD Consortium [A Designated Network of the International Association for Dental Research], to diagnose and categorize TMD patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of TMD in undergraduate dental and medical students based on RDC/TMD; and its relation with depression and somatization. 37 male and 48 female dental and medical students from FMH College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan were evaluated. A clinical physical diagnosis [Axis I] and pain related disability and psychological status [Axis II] were assessed using a questionnaire and clinical examination on RDC/TMD protocol. Seventeen students diagnosed with TMD showed significantly higher incidence in females [p=0.003]. Maximum number of TMD was in internal derangement group, followed by pathosis and muscle disorder groups. Significantly higher TMD incidence was noted in; participants [p = 0.00, Likelihood ratio = 10.80] with Axis II than those without Axis II. Significant TMD participants showed somatization than those without TMD [p = 0.000, Likelihood ratio = 12.04]. A comparatively lower incidence of TMD in young adults, with much higher prevalence in females was found. Disc displacement was the commonest Axis I diagnosis. TMD patients showed greater RDC/TMD Axis II