ABSTRACT
Meloxicam is a poor water soluble drug mostly prescribed in various rheumatic diseases. The present research study was design to formulate and increase the solubility of meloxicam in the tablet dosage form. A 32 full factorial design was employed to optimize meloxicam formulations. Polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer [PVCL-PVA-PEG graft copolymer] and Povidone were taken as independent variables while cumulative drug release at 90 minutes was selected as dependent variable. All trial formulations complied with official standards. Multiple regression by Microsoft Excel on cumulative drug release of the selected formulations [F1, F2, F6- F9] showed the positive effect of PVCL-PVA-PEG graft copolymer [[alpha] = 0.05] and a negative effect of Povidone [[alpha] = 0.05]. Formulation six [F6] [PVCL-PVA-PEG graft copolymer 3 mg and Povidone 22.5 mg / tablet] was considered as the optimal formulation based on its cumulative drug release. Dissolution kinetics by model dependent analysis predicted Weibull [R[2]=0.99] as the best fit model in describing meloxicam dissolution kinetics. The role of PVCL-PVA-PEG graft copolymer should be explored with other solubilizers in future studies
ABSTRACT
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM] is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality, along with maternal complications in future
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of 50 gram oral glucose challenge test in the screening of gestational diabetes mellitus
Patients and Methods: It was cross sectional study conducted in obstetrics and gynecology outpatient department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, from 1[st] March, 2013 to 31[st] October, 2013, to determine the diagnostic accuracy of 50 gram oral glucose challenge test in screening of gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]. Sample size calculated for the study at 5% precision, 8% anticipated proportion of GDM and expecting the sensitivity and specificity as 95.3% and 48.6% respectively, from formula of sensitivity and specificity, was 416. Four hundred and sixteen primigravida and multigravida women of age 20-40 years with singleton pregnancy at 24-28 weeks of gestation visiting the obstetrics and gynecology outpatient department selected by non-probability convenient method were included in the study. 50 gram oral glucose in 250 ml of plain water was given to each participant, after one hour venous blood sample was withdrawn to measure serum glucose level and 140 mg/dl was taken as cut off value for labeling the patient as screen positive or negative. Regardless of the results of 50 gram oral glucose challenge test all the participants were further evaluated by oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]. Before doing OGTT all the patients were advised to come in the morning with overnight fast of 8-12 hours [plain water was allowed]. After taking blood samples for fasting blood glucose level, 75 gram oral glucose was given and after two hours blood glucose level was measured again. Fasting blood glucose level >/=110mg/dl and after 2 hours of taking 75 gram oral glucose, serum level of >/=160mg/dl was taken as cut off values to label as test positive or negative. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 17. Accuracy of OGCT in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value was measured by assuming OGTT as gold standard test
Results: Gestational diabetes mellitus was recorded in 22.59% on OGCT. On OGTT 19.95% were found to have GDM. Sensitivity was calculated as 85.54%, specificity 93.03%, positive predictive value 75.53% and 96.27% negative predictive value
Conclusion: Our results suggest that 50 gm OGCT is a test with high accuracy and can be used as a screening test for GDM in all antenatal clinics
ABSTRACT
Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of a single dose of MTX for ectopic pregnancy management
Material and Methods: 37 patients were carefully selected according to inclusion criteria. beta-hCG was done at diagnosis and at day 7. A single IM dose of MTX was given and patients were kept admitted till recovery
Results: out of the 37 patients, 5 patients had ruptured ectopic pregnancy in spite of taking MTX. 26 had single dose and had a time of ectopic pregnancy resolution averaging 26.4 days. The remaining 6 patients received an additional dose of MTX with the time resolution of 35 days
Conclusion: the successful medical management of ectopic pregnancy was seen in 26 patients [81 %] in whom beta-hCG levels became negative after administration of single MTX