ABSTRACT
Embryo cryopreservation is an essential tool in assisted reproduction. The option to freeze gametes and embryos provides unique possibilities for patients with various indications. After a review on some of the technical details of embryo freezing the idea of vitrification compared to slow freezing is discussed. It is recognized that the slow freezing technique is still overwhelmingly applied in most human in vitro fertilization [IVF] centers, but there is mounting evidence demonstrating the benefit of vitrification. Theoretical and practical examples are now sufficient to convince the embryologist that the time has arrived to switch to the vitrification technique. We report our experience that is the first Tunisian live birth following embryo vitrification at the blastocyst stage, collected at the military hospital of Tunis-Tunisia. A 29-year-old woman presented a primary infertility of 3 years of male origin. IVF with intra-cytoplasmic spermatozoid injection ICSI has been indicated. 7 blastocysts were obtained at fifth day. Two of them were replaced and ended in terminated pregnancy at 6AW. Vitrification method is a procedure which is to immerse the embryos directly into liquid nitrogen at -196[degree]C. thereby achieving descents temperature of about -2000[degree]C per minute within a secure glitter. The kit used in our laboratory is [irvine scientific] with glitter cryobiocystem. Six months later 2 blastocysts were devitrified in February 2012 and after replacement provided a normal progress pregnancy, delivery by caesarean section of a newborn male in good health
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Embryonic Structures , Live Birth , Cryopreservation , Review Literature as Topic , Fertilization in Vitro , PregnancyABSTRACT
Motherhood has long been not recommended for kidney transplanted women for fear of adverse effects on the graft and the risks to the fetus. This article aimed to provide evidence based answer to the following questions regarding pregnancy in kidney transplanted women: 1. what are the nephrologic and obstetrical parameters that can influence the pregnancy outcome? 2. What is the impact of pregnancy on graft? 3. What are the optimal conditions for pregnancy planning in kidney transplanted women? A literature search was conducted using as key words "pregnancy", "renal transplant", "renal graft survival" in the PubMed database over the period from January 1994 to December 2011. Recovery of renal function in kidney transplanted patients is followed by restoration of endocrine function. Knowledge of the initial nephropathy assesses the risk of recurrence after transplantation, which may affect the graft. Chronic glomerular nephropathies are the most frequent from 32 to 76.1%. Duration of hemodialysis [over 2 years] is associated with a risk of preterm delivery and growth retardation. A period of 1 year between renal transplantation and conception seems reasonable to stabilize renal function and reduce the doses of immunosuppressants. The number of unintended pregnancies remains high [50%]. The incidence of pregnancy after renal transplantation varies between 3 and 21.2%. Graft survival in patients who carried a pregnancy is equivalent to that of patients who were not pregnant. Pregnancy in kidney transplanted patients is a high risk pregnancy, but it does not seem to affect graft function through certain conditions
ABSTRACT
The authors report their experience about surgical laparoscopy in the management of women infertility. Based on a series of 87 patients [median age 31 years], 61% have primary infertility. The surgical procedures were distal tuboplasty in 26 cases, endometriosis cure in 19 cases, ovarian driling for polycystic ovarian syndrome in 18 cases and adhesiolysis in 24 cases. The rate of intra uterine pregnancy of the 81 followed patients is 40.7% with 23 newborn [28,39%], 5 abortions [6,17%] and 5 current pregnancies [6,17%]. The rate of ectopic pregnancies is 3,7%