ABSTRACT
Background: Animal model of multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating and inflammatory disorder of central nervous system and eye. Histological evaluation in eyes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models demonstrated evidence of retinal atrophy and inflammation in late stage of disease. Deciphering the relationships between the retinal atrophy and proliferation on retinal layers may help us in understanding the factors that drive atrophy and proliferation in multiple sclerosis. Aims: The aim of the present study was to determine alterations in thickness of retina and its sub-layers in MS induced mice model in comparison with control group. Study Design: Experimental study. Methodology: EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice using Hooke kits. Animals were scored for clinical signs of the disease according to 10-point EAE scoring system. At 35th day after immunization, mice (n=15/group) were deeply anesthetized and eyes were removed. Morphometric study of proliferation in retinal sub-layers were assessed by Hematoxilen and Eosin staining and expression of Ki67. The proliferating marker was performed by Ki67analyzing kit. All measurement obtained by Motic image analyzer software 2 and analyzed spss 18, respectively. Results: Here we reported that retinal thickness in MS group including total retinal layer, especially photoreceptor layer, ganglion cell layer and neural layer reduced in comparison to control group (p< 0.001). In Ms Group proliferation rate is also decreased in comparison to control group (0.05). Conclusion: Our results show that ki67 expression, as an indication of proliferation, decreased in retinal layers in MS group. Furthermore, our data revealed that retinal thickness also decreased in MS group.
ABSTRACT
Endometriosis is a common chronic inflammation which leads to infertility and chronic pelvic pain in affected women. Secretory phospholipase A2 type IIa [sPLA2IIa] is an acute phase reactant that is markedly increased in inflammatory disorders. To assess the effects of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFAs] administration in endometrial cells culture on sPLA2IIa level and cell survival comparing homolog ectopic versus eutopic endometrial cells from endometriosis patients. In this experimental study, ectopic and eutopic endometrial tissue samples obtained from 15 endometriosis patients were immediately frozen. After thawing and tissue digestion, mixed stromal and endometrial gland cells were cultured for 8 days in three different culture media; balanced omega-3/omega-6, high omega-3 and high omega-6 PUFAs ratio. Cell survival was measured using 2, 3-bis [2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-5-[phenylamino] carbonyl-2H- tetrazolium hydroxide [XTT] method and sPLA2IIa level assessed with ELISA technique. The sPLA2IIa level was significantly higher in the ectopic endometrial cell culture compared to the eutopic group for each of the three matched treatments [balanced, high omega-3 and high omega-6]. Also the sPLA2IIa level in the ectopic endometrial cell group was remarkably increased by each of the three PUFAs treatments compared to control condition [p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05 respectively]. Cell survival in the eutopic group was significantly decreased by high omega-6 culturing compared to control medium [p<0.05]. The increase in sPLA2IIa level in ectopic endometrial cells by fatty acid treatments [especially high omega-3], strengthens the hypothesis that PUFAs stimulate secretion of cytokines leading to increased sPLA2IIa level