Measurments of Bolton’s Tooth Width Ratios in Karnataka Population: A Preliminary Study.

Aim: This study was conducted to establish the Bolton’s ratios’ norms ((The mean Overall Ratio (OR) and Anterior Ratio (AR) norms)) in 100 Karnataka subjects and to compare it with the overall ratio and anterior ratio of the Bolton’s analysis which would be an aid in diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic cases. It will also help in determining functional and esthetic outcome of the case. Methodology: Epidemiological survey was carried out for 100 subjects (50 males and 50 females), 14-25 years of age. The study groups were from Karnataka state in India. Every individual was assessed for occlusal traits and good quality impressions were taken for 100 selective individuals. Mesiodistal tooth dimensions were measured from right first permanent molar to left first permanent molar in maxillary and mandibular arches. Measurements were taken using digital vernier caliper. Anterior and overall ratio were calculated for each model. Data was statistically analysed by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software. Results: The results showed that the overall ratio was 92.23 for males and 91.78 for females. The anterior ratio was 77.87 for males and 77.69 for females. The study indicated that there was statistically significant difference between the overall ratio and anterior ratio of Karnataka subjects and Caucasian subjects. Conclusion: The study concluded that inter arch tooth size a relationship varies and are specific.

Study of Acetyl Cholinesterase, Butyryl Cholinestrase and β - Glucuronidase in Organophosphorus Poisoning.

Organophosphorus poisoning is common problem throughout the world. It occurs due to accidental exposure; suicidal and homicidal attempt. Many deaths occur within hours of ingestion of organophosphorus compounds like pesticides. For its prevention, speedy diagnosis and prompt treatment is required; which requires sensitive marker/s. The aim of this study was to find such marker/s. In this regard, activities of Acetylcholinesterase, Butyrylcholinesterase and β-glucuronidase were estimated in 80 samples including 40 controls and 40 organophosphorus poisoning cases (mild = 07, moderate = 19 and severe = 14). Results indicated that activities of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinestrase decrease in mild, moderate and severe Organophosphorus poisoning in proportionate manner whereas, β-glucuronidase activity increases as severity of Organophosphorus poisoning progresses. Thus, all the three enzymes showed alterations in their activities however, the degree of change in activity was maximum in case of Acetylcholinesterase. Thus, Acetylcholinesterase activity is the most sensitive marker amongst three enzymes in Organophosphorus poisoning.

Pairwise MtDNA-HVRII sequence differences and geographic maternal distances among Korku, an Austro-Asiatic tribe in Central India.

Ethno-linguistic and recent molecular evidences were equivocal that tribes belonging to Austro-Asiatic linguistic group were the earliest 'out of Africa' migrants in the Indian sub-continent dating back to approximately 60,000 YBP. They comprise of few endogamous groups and were settled in eastern and central India. In the present study it is found among Korku, an endogamous Austro-Asiatic tribe settled in central India, that oldest females pairwise, maternal geographical distances were inversely related with mtDNA-HVRll control region sequence differences, mismatch distribution was unimodal and the most common haplotype had wide geographical distribution. The empirical findings lead to 1) the possibility of an explanation that the Korku, though showed demographic expansion, the place of expansion may not be the area of their present habitation 2) the scope of combining information on maternal distances and mtDNA sequence diversity in deriving demographic history of populations.