relationship between sleep and cognitive functioning in adult people

The purpose of the current study is to find out if subjective sleep complaints will have less cognitive functioning in older people [50 years and above]. Sleep was assessed with the subscale Sleep Problems of the Symptoms Checklist-90 [Arrendell and Ettema 1986]. Cognitive performance was measured with the Mini Mental Status Examination [Folstein, et al 1975] which is used as a dependent variable. Subjective complaints would be negatively associated with cognitive performance, since in elder people biological sleep is likely to be related with cognitive changes. A group of 12 people were given the task of collecting data through purposeful sampling techniques. Sample size of 120 participants was assessed. Each member of the group collected data from 10 subjects. Pearson Correlation Moment was applied for data analysis. In older persons the coefficient of falling asleep difficulty was -0.05 [p=0.33] and for waking up too early the coefficient was -0.13 [p=0.012] while for restless sleep coefficient was calculated as -0.09 [p=0.094]. The assumption was verified that sleep problems negatively associated with cognitive functioning

Effect of exercise training program in post-CRET post-CABG patients with normal and subnormal ejection fraction [EF > 50% or < 50%] after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery

The aim of the present study is to compare the effect of exercise training program in post-Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise Training [CRET], post-CABG patients with normal and subnormal ejection fraction [EF >50% or <50%] who have undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG] surgery. The study was conducted on 100 cardiac patients of both sexes [age: 57-65 years] who after CABG surgery, were referred to the department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation between 2008 and 2010 at Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi. The patients undertook exercise training program [using treadmill, Recumbent Bike], keeping in view the Borg's scale of perceived exertion, for 6 weeks. Heart Rate [HR] and Blood Pressure [BP] were measured and compared in post CABG Patients with EF [>50% or <50%] at the start and end of the exercise training program. Statistical formulae were applied to analyze the improvement in cardiac functional indicators. Exercise significantly restores the values of HR and BP [systolic] in post CABGT Patients with EF [>50% or <50%] from the baseline to the last session of the training program. There appeared significant improvement in cardiac function four to six weeks of treadmill exercise training program. After CABG all patients showed similar improvement in cardiac function with exercise training program. The exercise training program is beneficial for improving exercise capacity linked with recovery cardiac function in Pakistani CABG patients