Ultra Sonographic Prostate Volume Measurement of Patients Over 40 Years in Age: A Single Center Study

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also called prostate enlargement, is a noncancerous increase in size of the prostate gland. Symptoms may include frequent urination, trouble starting to urinate, weak stream, inability to urinate, or loss of bladder control. The objective of the study was to evaluate the prostate volume measurement for the Bangladeshi population over the age of 40 years by ultrasonography.Material & Methods:This prospective, observational study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Chattogram International Medical College (CIMC), Chattogram, Bangladesh during the period from January 2019 to December 2020. In total 157 suspected patients of benign prostatic hyperplasia were selected as the study population. All patients were clinically diagnosed for BPH, based on the present prostate symptoms and digital rectal examination. To measure the prostate volume, abdominal ultrasonography was performed for all the patients. After enucleation, another ultrasonogram was performed for all the patients to measure the existing sizes of the prostates of the patients. All the data were processed, analyzed, and disseminated by MS-word and SPSS programs as per need.Results:Finally, in this study in analyzing the volumes of the prostates of the participants according to the abdominal ultra-sonographic reports of pre-operative stage we observed, in 9%, 34%, 31%, 30%, 21% and 32% patients, the prostate sizes (In cc) were <20, 21-40, 41-60, 61-80, 81-100 and >100 cc respectively. On the other hand, after enucleation, in 11.46%, 24.20%, 28.66%, 27.39%, 7.01% and 1.27% patients, the prostate sizes (In cc) were found <20, 21-40, 41-60, 61-80, 81-100 and >100 cc respectively. The mean changes of prostate sizes between pre- and post-operative stages among the participant was not significant where the P value was found 0.464.Conclusion:The findings of this study support the applications of abdominal ultrasonographic evaluation for suspected benign prostatic hyperplasia patients to know about the exact volumes of their prostates for selecting the appropriate surgical approach.

Efficacy and Safety of Low Dose, Short Course Eltrombopag in Management of DF and DHF

Background: Dengue is the most widespread aedes mosquito borne viral disease which infects more than 50 million people every year. The clinical symptoms of dengue may vary from mild fever to life-threatening incidents. Eltrombopag, a non-peptide, oral TPO-R agonist, small molecular weight is quandaries with the transmembrane domain of a TPO receptor and persuades the Janus Kinase/Signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway, with a significant rise in platelet production.Material & Methods:This study was a cross-sectional observational study which was conducted at Tairunnesa Memorial Medical College and Hospital (TMMCH), Gazipur and Shin Shin Japan Hospital, Uttara, Dhaka. The study was conducted in between July 2021- December 2021. The sample size for this study was 100.Results:The mean age in group 1 was 25� in group 2 29�and in control group 29� The mean Baseline PLT * 109 /L for group 1 was 57�, for group 2, 51� and for control group 54�. Mean of systolic baseline BP (mmHg) for group 1 was 103.55� 5.04 for group 2 was 105.38�.34 and for control group was 101.97�28 and followed by the mean of diastolic baseline BP (mmHg) was 72.83�56, 72.84�.93 and 71.97�75. AEs was found in 4(12.1%) cases of group 1 where in group 2 it was 2(5.9%) and in control group was 3(9.1%). In day 7, the recovery rate of group 1 was 93.9% and in group 2 the recovery rate was 94.1%.Conclusions:Dengue is a vector-borne viral disease which needs medical assistance because it may lead to life-threatening outcome. Eltrombopag can be considered as a therapeutic option to increase the PLT counts in DF and DHF patients in the management of thrombocytopenia.

Prostate Volume Measurement by Ultrasonography Over 40 Years Age of Bangladeshi Population

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or benign prostatic hypertrophy, is a histologic diagnosis status characterized by proliferation of the 慻landular elements� of the prostate, which may lead to an enlarged prostate gland. In many studies, people over the age of 40 years found as the most vulnerable for BPH. Ultrasonography is a prominent method to determine prostate volume or size. Aim of the study: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prostate volume measurement for the Bangladeshi population over the age of 40 years by ultrasonography.Methods:This prospective, observational study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Chattogram Medical College Hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh during the period from January 2019 to December 2020. In total 157 suspected patients of benign prostatic hyperplasia were selected as the study population. All patients were clinically diagnosed for BPH, based on the present prostate symptoms and digital rectal examination. To measure the prostate volume, abdominal ultrasonography was performed for all the patients. After enucleation, another ultrasonogram was performed for all the patients to measure the existing sizes of the prostates of the patients. All the data were processed, analyzed, and disseminated by MS-word and SPSS programs as per need.Results:Finally, in this study in analyzing the volumes of the prostates of the participants according to the abdominal ultra-sonographic reports of pre-operative stage we observed, in 9%, 34%, 31%, 30%, 21% and 32% patients, the prostate sizes (In cc) were <20, 21-40, 41-60, 61-80, 81-100 and >100 cc respectively. On the other hand, after enucleation, in 11.46%, 24.20%, 28.66%, 27.39%, 7.01% and 1.27% patients, the prostate sizes (In cc) were found <20, 21-40, 41-60, 61-80, 81-100 and >100 cc respectively. The mean changes of prostate sizes between pre- and post-operative stages among the participant was not significant where the P value was found 0.464.Conclusion:The findings of this study support the applications of abdominal ultrasonographic evaluation for suspected benign prostatic hyperplasia patients to know about the exact volumes of their prostates for selecting the appropriate surgical approach.

Initial experience with 10 cases of Indiana pouch continent urinary diversion.

Indiana pouch continent urinary diversion provides patient control over elimination of urine with periods of dryness. This allows emptying of urine from the pouch by catheter at convenient intervals avoiding major metabolic abnormalities with satisfactory renal function. Detubularization of the ascending colon and caecum with tapering of the terminal ileum and tunneled tenial implants of the ureters have resulted continent cutaneous urinary reservoir. In total 10 patients were included and follow-up period was for a period of 6 months to 5 years. One year after surgery overall day and night continence rate was in 70% patients, some leakage at day and night in 30% cases and no patient developed day or night incontinence. The mean capacity of the pouch was 530 ml at 12-18 months. Pouch pressure at full capacity was 16 cm H2O at 18 months. Indiana pouch provides better attention for urinary diversion in developing countries as it is well accepted, economically more suitable and relatively easy to construct, with good results in terms of continence and reduced complications with satisfactory renal function.

Safety of blind liver biopsy.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to observe the safety of blind liver biopsy in children. METHODS: One hundred fifteen consecutive liver biopsies in hospitalized children were evaluated retrospectively. Using a standard percussion technique biopsy sites were chosen and through intercostal space blind liver biopsies were performed by TruCut biopsy needle. RESULTS: The first biopsy sample was considered macroscopically adequate in 94.8% of cases. A definitive histological diagnosis was possible in 99.1% of cases. Sixty nine children were more than 5 years of age and of these 8 (11.6%) complained of pain at the biopsy site. External hemorrhage from the biopsy site was seen in 1 (0.9%) case but no sign of internal hemorrhage was detected during the 24 hours follow up period. No child died following the procedure. CONCLUSION: Blind liver biopsy in the studied hospitalized children was found to be a safe procedure.

Sequence analysis of the 5'-flanking region of human Pax-5 gene exon1B / 中国免疫学杂志

Abstract Objective:To better understand the regulatory mechanism of Pax-5 gene expression on B-cell differentation and development.Methods:The isolation and genomic colning of the 5'-flanking region of Pax-5 gene were carried out according to established protocols: molecu-lar cloning and subcloning The nucleotide sequences were determined by a double-stranded dideoxy sequencing method. Sequence analysis wasperformed on line programs. Results:Analysis of tha total sequence(6 671 bp) shows the proximal promoter include 3 CAT boxes, 1SP1 and 1Ebox. However, there was no consensus sequence for a TATA box in the 5'-flanking region. Putative regulatory sites of further upstream in thesequence revealed 6LMO2 COM, 5NFAT, 2LPOLYA-B, 3GATA1, 2AP4, 10MZF1, 1ets1B, 1GATA3, 1NKX-25, 2RORA1, 1LYF1, 2Ikaros2,2TCF11 , 1GATA-C and 1FREAC7. Conclusion: The 5'-flanking regionn of human Pax-5 gene exon1B could be involved in regulating the expres-sion of human Pax5 and B-cell differentiation and development.