Advantage Of Magnifying Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) Endoscopy Over Conventional White Light Endoscopy In The Diagnosis Of Helicobacter Pylori Related Chronic Gastritis.

Helicobacter pylori is a vital human pathogen involved as a causative organism in chronic gastritis [1]. Peptic ulceration is a common complication of this infection. Several study shows direct association between H. pylori and gastric carcinoma. The upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy is investigation of choice for the screening and diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori related chronic gastritis. As field of endoscopy is getting advanced some new techniques like NBI (Narrow Band Imaging) are developed. Due to better visualization of Subendothelial Capillary Network (SECN) by using lights of two different wavelengths NBI method it is more useful in visualization of affected area of gastric mucosa [2]. Total 100 cases of chronic gastritis were diagnosed using upper G.I .Scopy, Biopsies were taken using both NBI and WLE and results were compared using Rapid Urease kit. Narrow band imaging was found more effective than conventional white light endoscopy in the diagnosis of H. Pylori related chronic gastritis [3].

Association of vascular endothelial growth factor single nucleotide polymorphisms on the prognosis of breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a major mediator of vascular permeability and angiogenesis, may play a pivotal role in mediating the development and progression of breast cancer. In the present study, we examined the genetic variations of the VEGF gene to assess its possible relation to breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 200 patients with histologically confirmed cases of breast cancer and 200 healthy women were genotyped for VEGF single nucleotide polymorphisms (405G > C and −1154G > A) by polymerase chain reaction‑restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Pre‑operative plasma VEGF levels were determined by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay in 200 women with breast cancer and in 200 normal female controls. RESULTS: The genotype frequencies of the +405G > C, −1154G > A polymorphisms did not show a significant deviation from the Hardy‑Weinberg expectation. The minor allele frequencies of the +405G > C and −1154G > A polymorphisms among cases and controls were 33.5% (C allele), 31.5% (A allele) and 35% (C allele), 34.5% (A allele) respectively. +405GG and −1154GG genotypes were associated with higher levels of VEGF among breast cancer cases and controls. Increased plasma VEGF levels were significantly associated with, clinical stage of the disease (P = 0.035). CONCLUSION: Although none of the polymorphisms were significantly associated with breast cancer, some of the VEGF genotypes may influence tumor growth through an altered expression of VEGF and tumor angiogenesis.

Glass wool tripod foreign bodies in the eye: first ever reported case series

We present three cases of unusual corneal/conjunctival foreign bodies that were not visible on standard slit lamp examination. All patients presented with complaints of foreign body sensation in the affected eyes. One patient had visited an ophthalmologist prior to presentation to our center and was diagnosed and treated for conjunctivitis. On slit lamp examination minimal congestion was seen hence, all the patients were diagnosed with conjunctivitis with corneal epithelial defects by the residents. However, because the patients complained of foreign body sensation, fluorescein staining of the affected eye was performed. On examination, the corneas had epithelial defects and linear scratch marks. We suspected a foreign body in upper palpebral conjunctiva [UPC]. Examination after eyelid eversion indicated tripod-shaped glassy foreign bodies embedded deep within the UPC. We present cases of an unusual type of glassy tripod-shaped foreign body which may go undetected even on slit lamp examination. Fluorescein staining may aid in the detection of these foreign bodies

Study of hypoglycemic activity of Tinospora cordifolia in alloxan induced diabetic rabbits.

Background: This study was designed to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Tinospora Cordifolia in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. Methods: Rabbits were divided into four experimental groups: Non-diabetic rabbits treated with normal saline, Non-diabetic rabbits treated with TCREt, Diabetic rabbits treated with Metformin, Diabetic rabbits treated with TCREt. Treatment with drugs was started on the 8th day of alloxan treatment (i.e. day 1) and was continued for 30 days. Statistical evaluation was done using student’s ‘t’ test & one way ANOVA followed by Tuckey`s post hoc test. ‘p’ value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: TCREt showed hypoglycemic action in alloxan induced diabetes rabbits. It did not produce hypoglycemia in non diabetic rabbits. Conclusion: Hypoglycemic action of TCREt is comparable to that of standard oral hypoglycemic drug metformin.

Orbital cysticercosis a case report

A 22 years old male presented to us with a history of lid swelling and chemosis of conjunctiva since 2 days. The patient had a history of convulsions 4 days back and 2 months back. The patient had undergone a CT scan which showed granulomas in temporal and parietal lobes. The patient was started on Anti tuberculosis treatment by the Physician. The Patient underwent USG B scan which revealed cysticercosis cyst in the anterior orbit inferiorly The patient was treated with albendazole and wysolone for a month. The patient was reviewed after 1 month The lesion resolved with the treatment both clinically and on USG