ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Scientific evidences suggest that high iron storage may play a role in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Excess iron accumulation induces organ damage due to the overproduction of ROS through Fenton reaction. Thus, the aim of this study was to find out the relation between serum iron, total ironbinding capacity (TIBC) and oxidative stress (OS) with glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.The study consisted of 90 subjects, which were divided into 3 different groups; Group 1 compromised of 30 healthy individuals, Group 2 included 30 T2DM patients with normal glycemic control and Group 3 included 30 T2DM patients with poor glycemic control. Blood samples were collected from the three groups and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), post-prandial plasma glucose (PPPG), HbA1c, Iron, TIBC, Hemoglobin (HB), Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were analysed.We found, that mean levels of FPG, PPPG, HbA1c, Iron and MDA were significantly higher (p<0.05) and mean levels of TIBC, SOD and CAT were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in group 3 as compared to group 2 and group 1.There was no significant difference (p>0.05) observed in iron, TIBC and Hb levels between group 1 and group 2. We found a significant positive correlation of Iron and MDA with HbA1c and significant negative correlation of TIBC, SOD and CAT with HbA1c in group 3.In our study we found significant positive correlation of HbA1c with MDA and iron that indicates poor glycemic control leads to increased glycation of haemoglobin and other heme containing proteins. It causes more release of iron that leading to production of oxidative stress and thereby it might plays significant role in early appearance of diabetic complications.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Nowadays, people are showing a keen interest in yoga and meditation as an alternative therapy to manage psychological stress and stress-related diseases. Yoga is a spiritual discipline with many proven health benefits. There are different types of yoga techniques practiced worldwide for their known health enhancement effects and for reduction of stress and its related disorders. One of the meditation techniques is Sahaja Yoga. It is a unique technique of meditation that involves mental state of internalized attention characterized by mental silence and emotionally positive experience of bliss. The present study has been undertaken to find out the heart rate variability (HRV) in Sahaja Yoga meditators during rest and meditation. Objectives: To study the HRV in Sahaja Yoga meditators during rest and meditation. Materials and methods: A total of 20 volunteers aged 25 to 40 years were considered for the study. The volunteers were practicing Sahaja Yoga meditation (SYM) regularly for 5 years or more. The HRV was recorded during rest with eyes closed and 15 minutes of SYM in a quiet room. Results: Statistical analysis was done using student paired t test. Results are given as mean ± standard deviation (SD). The mean R-R interval, total power (TP), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and LF/HF ratio were studied during rest and during meditation. The HF (during rest 16.2383 ± 11.1896 and during meditation 28.4875 ± 14.5112) was high and LF/HF ratio (during rest 2.262211 ± 1.346382 and during meditation 1.30545 ± 1.200041) was low during meditation compared with that during rest, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Increase in HF and decrease in LF/HF ratio during meditation signifies that meditation shifts sympathovagal balance toward the parasympathetic side, hence signifying a relaxed state of body and mind in Sahaja Yoga meditators.
ABSTRACT
Visceral fat is a predictor of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes. The presently available technique, Computed tomography (CT) causes radiation exposure and is expensive. Abdominal obesity is a well established risk factor for obesity. There tends to be a risk of development of type 2 diabetes in obese individuals with abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. Abdominal obesity includes both subcutaneous and intra abdominal (visceral) adipose tissue and is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) morbidity. A positive correlation between visceral fat, insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in both genders was verified (r = 0.522 in boys and r = 0.309 in girls). The study aims at developing a bioelectrical impedance based system for visceral fat area. The visceral fat area of 126 subjects (age: 38 ± 9 years) was first measured using the commercial instrument InBody 720 (Biospace, Korea) and then using the body composition analyzer (BCA) Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC, Mumbai). Tetrapolar bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) using two frequencies (50 KHz and 6.25 KHz) was used to develop the regression equation as follows: VFA = [-142 + 187* whr + 1.94* weight (Kg) + 0.135* Zbody 50 (μ) + 1.027* age (years) -0.97* height (cm) + 7.2* sex -1.40* Zbody 50/W (μ Kg-1)] cm2; Sex = 0 for women and 1 for men (with R-sq adj = 96.87 and S = 5.37). The equation thus developed using BCA (BARC, Mumbai), validated with 60 subjects shows that there exists a high degree of correlation (R-sq adj = 96.87) between the two techniques.
ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to assess Apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) and Triglyceride/High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio as indicators of insulin resistance (IR) with Homeostasis Model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA IR)) in metabolic syndrome patients . Study Design: Observational and prospective. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine, MGM Medical College, Navi-Mumbai from March 2012 to June 2013. Methodology: Total 110 normal subjects and patients were recruited in the study after obtaining informed written consent. They were divided in to two groups. Group I was healthy controls (n=50) and Group II included subjects with MS (n=60) as per NCEP ATP III criteria. Anthropometric measurements & biochemical analysis was performed in all subjects. IR was defined by HOMA IR. Simple & multiple regression analysis were used to obtain relationship between IR (HOMA IR) using TG/HDL-C (model -1) and Apo-B (Model- 2) as independent variables. Result: There were statistically significant differences in anthropometric, glycemic and lipid parameters between the control and study group (p<0.0001).The regression model between HOMA IR and TG/HDL-C ratio showed a positive correlation, (r=0.29, p < 0.05). HOMA IR & Apo-B also showed a significantly positive correlation (0. 41, p < 0.001). But combined multivariate analysis indicated that Apo-B is a better predictor of IR compared to TG/HDL-C ratio. Conclusion: We concluded in our study that Apo-B may be a better predictor of IR than TG/HDL-C and hence could be adopted in routine laboratory practice as a lipid marker for prediction of insulin resistance (IR) in metabolic syndrome patients at an early stage. Keywords: Insulin resistance; Apo B; metabolic syndrome; Insulin resistance indicators; lipid
ABSTRACT
Insulin resistance (IR) is hallmark of metabolic syndrome. It is important to identify IR as it is the early stage before development of diabetes mellitus. The standard method to measure insulin resistance is the euglycemic clamp technique, which is laborious. Hence, a number of surrogate measures like homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and triglyceride/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio have been developed. Both of the former involve calculations, while TG/HDL ratio may be readily available for clinicians. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess whether TG/HDL-C ratio serves as a better predictive marker of IR. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the triglyceride/HDL-C ratio as a surrogate marker of IR in metabolic syndrome patients. Materials and methods: Total 110 patients were recruited in the study after obtaining informed written consent. They were divided into two groups. Group I included healthy controls (n = 50) and subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS) (n = 60) as per NCEP ATP III criteria were included in group II. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical analysis was performed in all subjects. Results: There was statistically significant difference in anthropometric, glycemic and lipid parameters in control and study group (p < 0.0001). The regression model between HOMA-IR and TG/HDL-C ratio showed was positive correlation (r = 0.29, p = 0.01) while between QUICKI and TG/HDL-C ratio showed negative correlation (r = –0.37, p = 0.002). Conclusion: We report in our study that TG/HDL-C can be adopted in routine laboratory practice as a surrogate marker for prediction of insulin resistance. So that patients with metabolic syndrome may be beneficial at an early stage.