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Background: To find the prevalence of unexpected seropositive viral markers in the patients undergoing cataract surgery.Material & Methods:It was a longitudinal observational study. Total1180 cataract patients were studied. Patients were discovered unexpectedly positive for hepatitis B antigen, hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus during preoperative screening for cataract surgery. HBV and HCV patients were referred for medicine opinion and operated after treatment and clearance. HIV patients were referred to ART center for further management.Results:During the study period 1180 patients, 504 males and 676 females were studied. 34 patients work positive for HIV, twelve patients were positive for hepatitis B and 50 patients were found positive for HCV. The patients accidentally found positive were 18/34 for HIV, 6/12 for hepatitis B and 32/50 for hepatitis C.Conclusions:We concluded that preoperative screening should be done for viral markers before every cataract surgery to prevent spread of such infections. Mass immunization against hepatitis B should be done among health care workers.
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Background: The aim is to evaluate the intraocular pressure-lowering efficacy and tolerability of Ripasudil (0.4%) ophthalmic solution in patients of primary open-angle glaucoma/ocular hypertension.Material & Methods:In this prospective, interventional, single-arm, open-label study, 50 patients of POAG/ocular hypertension attending the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Patiala were included.Results:Mean value of numerical change in IOP at four weeks, at eight weeks, at twelve weeks in IOP were 3.61 � 2.05, 3.98 � 1.47, 4.44 � 1.53 respectively. Among side effects, conjunctival hyperemia, blepharitis, and allergic conjunctivitis were reported among 62%, 10%, and 8% of the subjects at four weeks. Final results after 12 weeks showed that only conjunctival hyperemia was reported as a side effect among 16% of the subjects. Conclusions:Our present study showed significant IOP-lowering effects and safety of ripasudil (0.4%) over 12 weeks in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma/ocular hypertension. For the treatment of glaucoma and OHT, ripasudil is regarded as a possible second-line choice in spite of the high occurrence of conjunctival hyperemia.
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In newly diagnosed patients with diabetes with poor glycemia, presentation is sometimes acute onset monoparesis, which eventually improved with good glycemic control. To report an unusual patient with newly diagnosed diabetes whose initial manifestation was acute onset monoparesis. A 58-year old female patient with new onset type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) who presented to us with acute onset monoparesis (right lower limb) lower motor neuron (LMN) type without bladder involvement, secondary to poor glycemia which eventually resolved with good glycemic control.
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Background: The increasing clinical incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a major global health care issue. Among MDR pathogens, Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is one of the world's most dangerous superbugs; and becoming resistant to virtually every antibiotic available today. The objective were to study the clinical characteristics of neonatal sepsis caused by KP and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in northern india.Methods: This observational study was conducted with neonates who were admitted in NICU of Government Medical College (GMC) Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) India and whose blood culture showed growth of KP in a study period of 1 year between 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018. The data was entered into a register and presented by descriptive statistics.Results: Twenty four neonates were included in the study. The clinical presentations include refusal of feed (83.3%), lethargy (79.2%), respiratory distress (70.8%), shock (70.8%), fever (37.5%) or hypothermia (58.3%), apnea (29.2%) and abdominal distension (33.3%). Most common perinatal risk factor was prolonged labor (>24 h) seen in 79.2% of cases. C-reactive protein (CRP) level was positive in 95% of the cases. The mortality was 25%. KP strains were sensitive to colistin, polymyxin B, cotrimoxazole and tetracyclines.Conclusions: The clinical manifestations of neonatal sepsis caused by KP are usually non-specific. CRP detection is valuable for early diagnosis of sepsis. Neonatal sepsis persists as a cause of mortality in this region. Regular antimicrobial surveillance for empirical treatment remains an important component of neonatal care.
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Background: Neonatal hypothermia is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for newborn survival. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends maintaining a warm chain and skin-to-skin care for thermo-protection of newborn children. Since little is known about practices related to newborn hypothermia, this study’s goal was to assess the knowledge of mothers of newborns especially LBW babies on prevention of hypothermia and to provide them the knowledge of cost-effective thermal protection measures.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study using pre-tested, pre-structured questionnaire. 108 postnatal mothers having LBW babies admitted in postnatal wards of Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India were included in the study and analysed using SPSS version 20.Results: Out of 108 mothers, maximum mothers were of age less than 25 years (51%), 60% were from rural area, residing in nuclear family were 62%. Mothers attended hospital for confinement were 95% and 85% started breast feeding their babies. 45% had knowledge of keeping the baby warm by immediately wiping the baby and only 3% mothers had knowledge of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC).Conclusions: Understanding and addressing community-based practices on hypothermia, prevention and management might help to improve newborn survival in resource-limited settings. Possible interventions include the implementation of skin-to-skin care in rural areas and the use of appropriate, low-cost newborn warmers to prevent hypothermia and support families in their provision of newborn thermal protection. Training family members to support mothers in the provision of thermo-protection for their newborns could facilitate these practices. Those who fail to fully attend antenatal clinics should be targeted for newborn care education.