ABSTRACT
Background: Different phenomenon such as loss or accumulation of various substances and dysregulation or alteration in number of metabolic pathways are responsible for aetiology and pathogenesis of chronic changes in chronic kidney disease [CKD]. Haemodialysis or renal replacement therapy [RRT] does not correct the dyslipidemia of uraemia but may modify it. The objective of this study was to see the effects of haemodialysis and frequency of dialysis sessions on dyslipidemia and various biochemical markers in patients with CKD
Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional observational study conducted in Dialysis Unit of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. In our study renal functions and lipid profile of 30 healthy subjects as control group were compared with 56 cases of CKD undergoing haemodialysis with a frequency of 1, 4, 8, or 12 per moth. Serum lipid profile, renal function tests, serum and urinary albumin was estimated for both the groups. They were further analysed for serum markers before dialysis [pre-HD] and post dialysis, six months [post-HD]. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS-17
Results: Thirty [54%] subjects were males and 26 [46%] were females. The mean age of the patients was 45.48+/-14.78 years as against mean age of controls [46.78+/-13.95 years]. Urea and creatinine were raised, and anaemia, hypocalcemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia were observed. A significant elevation in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL-C was seen. There was a reduction in HDL-C in pre-dialysis patients compared to controls. The difference between pre-HD and post-HD groups was unremarkable except for the serum potassium, chloride, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-C. The effect of frequency of dialysis sessions was also not statistically significant
Conclusion: Regular treatment with dialysis may partially compensate for loss of renal function and decrease the accumulation of toxic metabolites, but cannot revert the overall physiological deficit
ABSTRACT
Background: Visceral adipose tissues secrete several adipocytokines that modulate on their own way the extreme obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and inflammation. Visfatin is newly identified adipocytokine that is released by visceral adipose tissue. Its levels markedly increase during development of obesity. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of visfatin and its association with dyslipidemia in obese albino mice
Methods: It was a quasi experimental study. Sixty [60] Balb/c strain albino mice were divided into two groups of 30 each. Group I was taken as control non obese mice while Group II animals were fed high fat/high carbohydrate diet. Blood samples were collected to measure Total Cholesterol [TC], Triglycerides [TG], High Density Lipoprotein [HDL-C], Low Density Lipoprotein [LDL-C], Very Low Density Lipoprotein [VLDL-C] and visfatin levels
Results: There was significant correlation among different classes of lipids with increasing visfatin levels in diet induced obese mice [p<0.05]. TC, TG, LDL and VLDL showed significant elevation in serum levels [5.94+/-1.18 mmol/L, 2.92+/-0.15 mmol/L, 3.91+/-0.56 mmol/L, 1.56+/-0.31 mmol/L respectively] against controls [3.1+/-0.40 mmol/L, 1.62+/-0.01 mmol/L, 1.82+/-0.432 mmol/L, 0.60+/-0.13 mmol/L correspondingly]. Pearson's correlation coefficient between rising serum visfatin and various classes of lipids showed strong positive correlation between visfatin and TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL, while negative correlation with serum HDL levels [p<0.05]
Conclusion: Increased serum visfatin levels are strongly associated with obesity and dyslipidemia
ABSTRACT
Background: Tuberculosis is still common in developing countries, and sometimes involves central nervous system, proper diagnosis and early treatment effectively reduces the mortality and morbidity associated with this disease
Objective: Observe presenting symptoms and outcome on anti-tuberculosis drug treatment
Material and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery in collaboration with Department of Pathology, Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad from March 2010 to December 2016. 22 patients; 8 females and 14 males were studied for their signs and symptoms and outcome after anti-tuberculosis drug treatment
Results: The most common location of tuberculous lesions was supratentorium [81%] particularly in parietal lobe [50%] followed by frontal lobe [22.7%] and occipital lobe [18.2%]. 45% patients had prior history of tuberculosis. Headache was the predominant complaint [72.7%] followed by altered sensorium [31%], seizures [27.3%] and cranial nerve palsies [22.7%]. After 12 months of anti-tuberculosis treatment ATT, about 87% of patients had either resolved or regressed tuberculoma
Conclusion: Brain tuberculomas are benign lesions with" malignant" behavior. Early diagnosis and anti-tuberculosis drug treatment can effectively treat this lesion forever. So in developing countries like Pakistan, when there is cystic, nodular or multiple lesions, there should be suspicion for brain tuberculoma and work up should be done because of very good prognosis associated with anti-tuberculosis drug treatment