ABSTRACT
Introduction: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are one of themajor causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countriesdespite recent advances in aseptic techniques. The SSIs dueto emerging multidrug resistance (MDR) bacteria isolates areconsidered as grave threats to the public health worldwide.Each hospital has specific type of microbial flora from whichinfection initiates. In such condition microorganism showsunique type of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance pattern.In this study we report on the microbiological spectrum ofSSIs and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern with a viewto provide guide to the clinicians for making rational decisionover the choice of antibiotics in the management of surgicalsite infection.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study wascarried out in a tertiary care hospital and the 560 sampleswere collected, processed in the microbiology laboratory andevaluated for the study.Results: Out of 376 growth positive samples, Gram NegativeBacilli (GNB) were isolated from 271 (72%) samples andGram Positive Cocci (GPC) were isolated from 105 (28%)samples. Among the isolated GNB, only 5 to 10% weresensitive to third generation Cephalosporins. Sensitivity toFluroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin) was alsolow (Only 5% to 10% were sensitive). Only 3 to 15% of theGNB were found sensitive to Co-amoxiclav and 6.5% to 23%were sensitive to Ampicillin-Sulbactam. About 60% of thePseudomonas aeruginosa and about 40% of the Klebsiellaspp and Acinetobacter baumanii were found resistant toMeropenem.Conclusion: Gram Negative Bacilli predominated overGram Positive Cocci in surgical site infections in our setup. Very low sensitivity to 3rd generation Cephalosporins,Ampicillin, Co-amoxiclav and Fluroquinolones was notedamong GNB isolates and an increasing pattern of resistanceto Aminoglycosides and Carbapenems was also noted amongMDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumaniiisolates. More than 50% of the MDR Acinetobacter spp.were was found sensitive to Ampicillin- Sulbactam andMinocycline.
ABSTRACT
Background: Menopause can have psychological, physical, and vasomotor symptoms along with sexual dysfunction, Current health care model fail to recognize that these symptoms profoundly affect a woman抯 personal and social functioning and ultimately her quality of life. Hence, this study aims to assess the Quality of life of post-menopausal women and finding out socio-demographic factors affecting quality of life.Methods: A cross-sectional study in an urban slum area was undertaken and 105 females between 45-65 years of age were interviewed using menopause-specific quality of life (MENQOL) questionnaire.Results: The mean age of these study participants was 54.13�05 (45-62) years. Out of 105 post-menopausal women included in the study, 20% were illiterate, 26.7% had completed education up to Secondary school level. Total MENQOL scores ranged from 62-148 and total mean score was 101.3�.44.Conclusions: Menopause affected not only physical health of a woman but also affects psychosocial aspect of life and this was well evident from the present study where MENQOL scores were higher indicating poor quality of life after menopause. Ageing, lower education, lower socio-economic status, unemployment and no spouse support were contributing to the poor quality of life.
ABSTRACT
Background: Prescription audit is one of the methods to assess the drug utilization pattern and rational use of drugs. In our country the value of drugs prescribed is in crores but a significant proportion of drugs is prescribed irrationally. This is probably due to defect in prescription pattern, lack of knowledge in health care personnel, pressure from drug manufacturing companies and many more. To promote rational use of drugs, standard policies must be set and this can be achieved only after auditing current prescription practices.Methods: A prospective study was carried out in Medical college hospital, Raigarh in the month of January 2018. Around 1000 prescriptions were collected randomly from pharmacy and the prescriptions were analysed on various parameters like patient抯 demography, parts of a prescription, information related to doctor and drugs.Results: In this study, we found that percentage of generic drugs were 58.02% and 70.43% drugs were from essential drug list. Only 13.19% FDCs were used. 34 prescriptions were illegible and capital letters were used only in 26 prescriptions. We also found deficiency in parts of a prescription like inscription part (13.3%), subscription part (26.9%) and in doctor抯 identity (33.2%). The majority of drugs were antimicrobials (23.81%) followed by anti-inflammatory and analgesics (21.1%).Conclusions: This study shows that the use of generic drugs and essential drugs is on the lower side as compared to standard guidelines. The prescription pattern was defective in many prescriptions. This study shows incompleteness of prescriptions and proper steps are needed to guide the physicians to promote rational use of drugs.