ABSTRACT
Cholera is one of the earliest infections to be studied by epidemiological methods. Worldwide it affects 3-5 million people and causes 100,000-130,000 deaths a year as of 2010. Cholera is an infection of the small intestine that causes a large amount of watery diarrhea; it is caused by the bacterium vibrio cholerae. The cholera toxin (CTX or CT) is an oligomeric complex made up of six protein subunits a copy of A subunit and the five copies of B subunit, connected by a disulfide bond. This study is based on targeting the CTX using computational tools, a natural metabolite mangiferin was taken and its chemical features are generated using common pharmacophore analysis, using minmaybridge database and taken lead compound were optimized and the Lipinski’s Rule of 5 properties were analyzed. Here, the binding affinity of protein – ligand interaction studied and displayed using ligand fit.
ABSTRACT
Cryptolepis buchanani (Berberidaceae) is a climbing tree, leaves is widely used in folk medicine in Southeast Asia. The alcoholic extract of stem of this plant is commonly used for the treatment of inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, and muscle and joint pain. The development of hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen is promoted by oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract of Cryptolepis buchanani on acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in rats. We observed that the ethanolic extract of cryptolepis buchanani conferred hepatoprotectivity. Biochemical observations confirmed the beneficial roles of Cryptolepis buchanani and silymarin against acetaminophen induced liver injury in rats.
ABSTRACT
Ras proteins play crucial roles in cell growth regulation, signal transduction and proliferation. Abnormal Ras proteins caused by genetic mutations are more common in human cancers. Activation of Ras occurs by enzymatic attachment of Farnesyl moiety by Farnesyl transferase. It has been proven that Ftase is a potential anticancer protein target. In this study we perform a virtual screening using polyphenol derivative from various sources against Ftase and establish ‘Theaflavin’ an antioxidant polyphenol extracted from Camellia sinensis (tea), as a potential inhibitor. This conclusion is further supported by comparative studies of molecular docking and 10 nS molecular dynamics simulation with ‘Tipifarnib’ (Zarnestra) a preclinical Ftase inhibitor.
ABSTRACT
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used cancer chemotherapeutic agent. However, it generates free oxygen radicals that result in serious dose-limiting cardiotoxicity. Supplementations with Gmelina arborea (Verbenaceae) were proven effective in reducing oxidative stress associated with several ailments. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential protective effect of Gmelina arborea (GA) against DOX- induced cardiotoxicity in rats. GA was given orally to rats(250&500mg/kg) and DOX (20mg/kg) was administered on the seventh day. GA protected against DOX-induced increased the levels of marker enzymes. It significantly inhibited DOX-provoked glutathione (GSH) depletion in cardiac tissues. The reductions of cardiac activities of catalase (CAT) ,superoxide dismutase (SOD) ,glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GR) were significantly mitigated. Pretreatment of GA significantly guarded against DOX-induced rise of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). GA alleviated histopathological changes in rats’ hearts treated with DOX. In conclusion, GA protects against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. The study can be attributed, at least in part, to GA’s antioxidant activity.
ABSTRACT
Clitoria ternatea(CT), is an herbaceous medicinal plant used to treat, liver problems India. Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic agent which, at high doses, causes liver and kidney necrosis in man and animals. The aim of the present study is to evaluate phytoconstituents and investigate the nephroprotective & antioxidant activities of the ethanol extract of Clitoria ternatea on acetaminophen induced toxicity in rats. Phytoconstituents like 1H-Cycloprop[e]azulene,1a,2,3,5,6,7,7a,7b-octahydro-1,1,4,7-tetramethyl-,[1aR- (1aà,7à,7aá,7bà)]- [Synonyms: Varidiflorene], Pterocarpin, 6H-Benzofuro[3,2-c][1]benzopyran, 6a,11a-dihydro-3,9-dimethoxy-, (6aR-cis)- [Synonyms: Homopterocarpin], Isoparvifuran, Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, Myo-Inositol, 4-C-methyl-, 1,2,3,5-Cyclohexanetetrol, (1à,2á,3à,5á)-, Propane, 1,1-diethoxy- were identified from ethanol extract of Clitoria ternatea by using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrograph (GC MS). Biochemical studies show that there is an increase in the levels of serum urea and creatinine along with an increase in the body weight and reduction in the levels of uric acid in acetaminophen induced groups. These values are retrieved significantly by treatment with Clitoria ternatea extracts at two different doses. The antioxidant studies reveal that the levels of renal SOD, CAT, GSH and GPx in the APAP treated animals are increased significantly along with a reduced MDA content in ethanol extract of Clitoria ternatea treated groups. Apart from these, histopathological changes also reveal the protective nature of the Clitoria ternatea extract against acetaminophen induced necrotic damage of renal tissues. In conclusion, these data suggest that the ethanol extract of Clitoria ternatea can prevent renal damage from APAP induced nephrotoxicity in rats and it is likely to be mediated through active phytoconstituents and its antioxidant activities.