ABSTRACT
Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine if in vitro fertilization (IVF) is associated with an increase in the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among preterm infants. Methods: This retrospective, comparative study included all the preterm babies who were screened under an urban multicentric outreach project between April 2019 and August 2022. Infant details including gender, birth weight, mode of conception, single or multiple gestation, gestational age and post?menstrual age in weeks, age at presentation, and any presence of risk factors were recorded and analyzed. Results: Among 444 preterm babies included in the study, 373 (84%) were conceived normally and 71 (16%) were conceived by IVF. ROP was found in 99 (22.29%) babies in total. There was no significant difference in the incidence of any stage of ROP between the two groups; however, higher stages of ROP were found to be relatively more frequent in the spontaneous conception group in our study. We also found a statistically significant difference in the presence of ROP among singletons, twins, and triplets. Conclusion: IVF was found not to independently increase the risk of ROP in preterm infants. More prospective studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to establish the relationship between the mode of conception and development of severe ROP in preterm infants
ABSTRACT
Background: Posterior polar cataracts are challenging even for skilled cataract surgeons due to the high risk of posterior capsule rupture and vitreous loss during cataract surgery; hence, it is important to know how to manage such cases. Purpose: In this video, we describe the necessary precautions and steps to be taken to prevent and manage complications in phacoemulsification cataract surgery for posterior polar cataracts. Synopsis: The video contains ten tips to follow to avoid complications while performing phacoemulsification cataract surgery in patients with posterior polar cataracts and includes preoperative identification on slit?lamp examination, size of capsulorhexis, avoidance of hydrodissection, technique of nucleus management, viscoelastic injection to keep the anterior chamber formed, epinucleus and cortical matter removal, posterior capsular rupture management, anterior vitrectomy, and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in eyes with posterior capsular rupture. Highlights: The video highlights ten different steps to be followed in the surgical management of patients with posterior polar cataract which, if followed meticulously, can give excellent outcomes in these patients. Conclusion: Posterior polar cataracts can be managed with phacoemulsification,with good visual outcomes if these precautions are followed.
ABSTRACT
An 80-year-old systemically stable female presented with sudden blurring of vision post the first dose of Covishield™, a non-replicating viral vector vaccine. On examination, she was found to have bilateral serous choroidal effusions. A thorough systemic and ocular workup was performed to rule out other causes of choroidal effusion. The effusions resolved with tapering doses of oral and systemic steroids. To the best of our knowledge, at the time of submission, this is the first case of choroidal effusion being reported after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine.
ABSTRACT
Background: Contact lenses continue to play an important role in the effective management of keratoconus. To report visual and functional outcomes of various types of contact lenses in keratoconus patients at a tertiary referral centre. Methods: Study design: Prospective Cohort Study. 100 eyes of 51 patients with keratoconus were fitted with contact lenses with follow up at one and six months and evaluated. Statistical analysis: Paired t test, Chi Square test. Results: Best contact lens corrected visual acuity was better than best spectacle corrected visual acuity (p= 0.000).78 % patients were fitted with RGP, 12% with Rose K, 6 % Soft, 2% Piggy Back and 2% with Kerasoft IC lenses. Soft lens were preferred in mild keratoconus, RGP for moderate and Rose K, Piggy Back and Kerasoft IC lenses for severe keratoconus. The mean daily wear among the lenses was 7.59 hours per day with Rose K lenses having maximum wearing time of 8.33 hours. Comfort and tolerance level was maximum in Rose K, Piggy Back, Kerasoft IC and RGP lens users whereas it was less in the soft lens group. No significant complications were noted with contact lens use. Conclusion: Contact lenses continue to play an important role in the effective management of keratoconus. With the advent of newer designs of contact lenses for keratoconus it is possible to customize the lenses to optimize patient’s requirement visually and functionally.