ABSTRACT
Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a complex treatment. Despite this, there are a lack of training programs designed to develop relevant clinical and nonclinical skills required for ECMO specialists. The aim of the current study was to describe the design, implementation and evaluation of a 1‑day simulation course for delivering training in ECMO. Methods: A 1‑day simulation course was developed with educational and intensive care experts. First, the delegates received a lecture on the principles of simulation training and the importance of human factors. This was, followed by a practical demonstration and discussion of the ECMO circuit, console components, circuit interactions effects and potential complications. There were then five ECMO simulation scenarios with debriefing that covered technical and nontechnical issues. The course culminated in a knowledge‑based assessment. Course outcomes were assessed using purpose‑designed questionnaires. Results: We held 3 courses with a total of 14 delegates (9 intensive care nurses, 3 adult intensive care consultants and 2 ECMO technicians). Following the course, 8 (57%) gained familiarity in troubleshooting an ECMO circuit, 6 (43%) increased their familiarity with the ECMO pump and circuit, 8 (57%) perceived an improvement in their communication skills and 7 (50%) perceived an improvement in their leadership skills. At the end of the course, 13 (93%) delegates agreed that they felt more confident in dealing with ECMO. Conclusions: Simulation‑training courses may increase knowledge and confidence in dealing with ECMO emergencies. Further studies are indicated to determine whether simulation training improves clinical outcomes and translates to reduced complication rates in patients receiving ECMO.
Subject(s)
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/education , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/methods , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Patient SimulationABSTRACT
Unidentified heart valve disease is associated with a significant morbidity and mortality. It has therefore become important to accurately identify, assess and monitor patients with this condition in order that appropriate and timely intervention can occur. Although echocardiography has emerged as the predominant imaging modality for this purpose, recent advances in cardiac magnetic resonance and cardiac computed tomography indicate that they may have an important contribution to make. The current review describes the assessment of regurgitant and stenotic heart valves by multimodality imaging (echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance) and discusses their relative strengths and weaknesses.
Doenças valvares cardíacas não identificadas são associadas com significativas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. Dessa forma, é importante que os pacientes com essa condição sejam corretamente identificados, investigados e monitorizados para que a apropriada intervenção seja feita a tempo. Contudo, a modalidade ecocardiográfica surgiu predominantemente com esta finalidade, recentes avanços em ressonância magnética cárdica e tomografia computadorizada cardíaca indicam que provavelmente ambos tenham importante contribuição. A atual revisão descreve a avaliação das válvulas cardíacas regurgitantes e estenosadas através de multimodalidade (diversos tipos) de imagens (ecocardiografia, tomografia computorizada cardíaca e ressonância magnética cardíaca), promovendo a discussão de seus pontos positivos e negativos.