ABSTRACT
Background: The data related to the association of sociodemographic factors with cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia in younger population are lacking. The aim of the study was to assess the association of sociodemographic factors with cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Methods: 200 schizophrenia cases were recruited for the study. Socio-economic status was assessed using modified Kuppuswamy socio-economic status scale. Cognitive examination was assessed using Addenbrooke cognitive examination-III (ACE-III). Results: Educational years (t = 0.223, p = 0.021) and Kuppasamy total socioeconomic score (t = 0.258, p = 0.002) predicted ACE score in schizophrenia cases. Among sociodemographic factors, gender (OR= 2.542, CI=1.426-4.531, p=0.001), education years (OR = 3.849, CI = 2.113-7.012, p = <0.001) employment status (OR=3.803,CI=1.719-8.413, p=0.001) and socioeconomic status ( OR = 0.178, CI = 0.066-0.480, p = < 0.001) were associated with cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia cases. Conclusion: Educational years and lower socio economic status are associated with cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of aminoglycoside-related nephrotoxicity and ascertain drug causality and its risk factors. Methods: This prospective study was conducted from January, 2019 to January, 2021, and recruited 110 consecutively admitted children aged 1 month to 12 years, receiving aminoglycosides for ?4 days. Drug causality was assessed using Liverpool adverse drug reaction causality assessment tool. Results: 42 (38.2%) children developed acute kidney injury (AKI), with 71 (64.5%) having composite nephrotoxicity (AKI and/or tubular-dysfunction). Only 17 (15.5%) had AKI definitively attributable to aminoglycosides. Hypotension [OR 0.016 (95% CI 0.01-0.71), P=0.03], PRISM-III score 20-29% [OR 55.48 (95% CI 3.66-840.53), P=0.004] and post-surgery patients [OR 3.2 (95% CI 1.01-10.1), P=0.047] were independent predictors of AKI. Conclusions: Only a small proportion of children receiving aminoglycosides had AKI definitively attributable to the drug.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Recently, the concept of “psoriatic march” has come to the fore, in which chronic cutaneous inflammation in psoriasis leads to systemic inflammation which, in conjunction with increased oxidative stress, triggers a cascade of events resulting in increased cardiovascular risk in patients with severe psoriasis. We, therefore, decided to study the levels of some biochemical cardiovascular risk markers: lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), lipoprotein (a), lipid indices and atherogenic index, in patients with psoriasis and their association with disease severity. Methods: Fortyfive patients with psoriasis and 45 age and gender‑matched healthy controls were included in this cross‑sectional study. Disease severity was assessed by the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI). Serum malondialdehyde, lipoprotein (a) and fasting lipid profile were estimated in all study subjects. Lipoprotein ratios were computed using standard formulae. Atherogenic index was calculated as ratio of lipoprotein (a)/high‑density lipoprotein. Results: In psoriasis, we observed significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde, total cholesterol, low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol, non‑high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), lipid ratios, atherogenic index and comprehensive lipid tetrad index, compared to controls. These levels were directly proportional to disease severity. Serum levels of malondialdehyde correlated positively with serum lipoprotein (a), comprehensive lipid tetrad index and atherogenic index. Limitations: Different morphological types of psoriasis were not included and follow‑up post‑therapy was not done. A larger sample size would have validated the results further. Conclusion: Our results indicate that psoriasis, especially the severe variants, are associated with increased oxidative stress and dyslipidemia, which correlate positively with atherogenic index and hence, an increased cardiovascular risk.