ABSTRACT
Aims: To develop, validate and quantify the content of flavonoids luteolin and apigenin in aerial parts of methanol leaf extract of Bacopa monnieri (B. monnieri) by reverse phase liquid chromatography. Study Design: High Performance Liquid Chromatography Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore and Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ghaziabad, India from 1.7.2010 to 30.6.2011. Methodology: Separation and quantification of flavonoids was performed on a C18 column (5μm, 200mm×4.6mm, id.) using potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (20mM, pH 3.5 adjusted with ortho phosphoric acid, v/v) and acetonitrile as mobile phase with a flow rate of 1ml/min. The column effluents were monitored at 348nm with column temperature kept at 30±1ºC. Results: A validated method for simultaneous estimation of luteolin and apigenin was developed, where limits of detection and quantification was found to be 0.03 and 0.91μg/ml for luteolin, 0.041 and 0.13μg/ml for apigenin respectively. The percentage of these phytoconstituents recovered was in the range of 98.07-99.71 (%RSD<2%). Conclusion: The developed validated HPLC method was found to be accurate, precise and robust and may be used for analysis of luteolin and apigenin in the extracts of B. monnieri.
ABSTRACT
Wound healing activity of the leaf extracts of Ammannia baccifera L., Lythraceae, and Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) B.Heyne ex Roth., Acanthaceae, was investigated by excision and incision wound healing models in rats. A phytochemical screening was done to determine the major constituents of the chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanolic fractions of ethanolic leaf extracts. The excision and incision models were used to assess the effect of the plant extracts on wound healing in rats. Phytochemical screening reveals the presence of tannins, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, and flavonoids in the extract. The wound healing effect was comparatively evaluated with a standard drug Framycetin cream. Significant wound healing activity was observed for the creams prepared with 5% ethanol fraction of B. maderaspatensis and 5% chloroform fraction of A. baccifera ethanolic leaf extracts. The results of histopathological evaluation supported the outcome of both incision and excision wound models. Ethanolic fraction of B. maderaspatensis and chloroform fraction of A. baccifera exhibited marked wound healing activity. B. maderaspatensis extract displayed a remarkable wound healing activity compared to A. baccifera.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the potential immunostimulant activity of glucosamine from Azadirachtaindica leaves in mice. Methods: The hexane, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica leaves were prepared and its immunostimulant activity was studied. The aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica leaves (AEAIL) showed significant (P<0.001) higher immunostimulant activity than other extracts. Hence, isolation of possible phytoconstituent(s) from AEAIL was carried out and glucosamine was isolated. The Azadirachta indica leaves glucosamine (AILG) was administered at 266, 400 and 800 μg/kg of mice, intraperitoneal route weekly for 4 weeks to evaluate immunostimulant activity. The serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) level and histopathological studies on thymus were performed to confirm AILG immunostimulant activity. Results: The administration of above doses of AILG has significantly (P<0.001) increased serum IL-2 levels in mice than control mice. The dose dependent effect on IL-2 was noticed in AILG treated mice. The weight of thymus, liver and kidney were significantly (P<0.001) increased after the AILG treatments compared to control mice. Also, body weight of AILG treated mice showed significant (P<0.001) increment from second week to fourth week than control mice. The proliferation of T-lymphocytes in thymus after the administration of AILG was observed in histopathological study. Conclusion: The glucosamine was isolated from Azadirachta indica leaves aqueous extract and its immunostimulant activity was confirmed in mice.