Hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia and glycemic control as risk factor for diabetic retinopathy

To investigate the blood lipids, serum cholesterol and glycaemic control as risk factor for Diabetic retinopathy [DR]. Cross sectional study. This study was conducted at Muhammad Medical College Hospital Mirpurkhas and Consultant Clinics Hyderabad from March 2014 to January 2015. 100 cases of DR were selected for present study. Fundoscopy was performed by the physician followed by a Consultant ophthalmologist. Blood was collected from peripheral vein after a fasting state of 8 - 12 hours. Glycated hemoglobin Al [A 1C] and lipids were evaluated by standard assays. Volunteers were requested to sign to informed consent profroma. Research topic was approved by ethics committee of institute. Statistix 8.1 for data analysis and P-value

Mean platelet volume in diabetic retinopathy and its association with duration of diabetes and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetics

To study the mean platelet volume [MPV] in diabetic retinopathy [DR] with special reference to duration of diabetes and glycaemic control [HbAlc] in type 2 diabetics [DM]. Case control study. This study was carried out at the Department of Medicine, Liaquat University HospitalJamshoro, from March 2014 to December 2014. 100 subjects; comprising of 50 controls and 50 cases of DR were selected as per criteria and evaluated for study variables. Blood sample were collected in anticoagulant sterilized bottles for analysis of hematoanalyzer. Volunteers were requested to sign the informed consent proforma. Statistix 8.1 was used for data analysis. Pearson's correlation r], student t test and Chi square were used for data analysis. p

Ophthalmic manifestations of thyroid orbitopathies

Objectives: to describe age and sex specific rates of ocular/orbital involvement in thyrotoxic patients, to determine the rates of all components of NOSPECS classification system in patients with thyroid orbitopathies and to determine the relative magnitude of low and high index orbitopathies

Study design: prospective study

Methods and materials: a total of 100 thyrotoxic patients of all age groups and both sexes were examined at the Department of Ophthalmology, JPMC, Karachi

Results: male to female ratio was1:2.5. Age range was12-80years. Mean age was 36.59 +/- 13.81. The difference in age according to sex was found statistically non-significant [P=0.60]. Seventy four percent patients had some sort of orbitopathy. Lid sign happened to be the most persistent sign of the orbitopathies [74%]. The rates of the components of the NOSPECS classification system were N=26% , O=56% , P=16% , E=11% , C=13% , S=7% respectively. Patients with low index thyroid orbitopathy were 83% and 17% patients were with high index orbitopathy. High index orbitopathy was found to be more common in the males with age above 40 years

Conclusion: the occurrence of thyroid orbitopathy appears to be independent of age and sex. Low index orbitopathies are more common than high index orbitopathies. Males are more at risk of developing high index orbitopathy than females