ABSTRACT
Background: Charak, Sharangdhar, Kashyap, BhavaPrakasha described Panchavalkala, is a combination of five astringent barks viz., Vata (Ficus bengaenesisLinn.), Udumbara (Ficus glomerataRoxb.), Ashvattha (Ficus religiosaLinn.), Parisha (Thespesia populaneaSolandexcorrea) and Plaksha (Ficus slacor Buch-Ham.). In Ayurveda sometimes substitute plants are described to work better for a particular medical condition. Such type of alternative drug suggested by BhavaMishra and Kaiyadeva Nighantu for classical Panchavalkala is Shirish (Albezzia lebbeckLinn.) in place of Parisha. Such type of altered Panchavalkal is called as modified Panchavalkal. Both Panchavalkals are essentially important in acute, chronic ulcers, wound healing and reproductive health concern women’s diseases like leucorrhea, irregular or heavy bleeding etc. So, these Panchavalkals at three different extract solvents i.e.,water extract, alcoholic extract and hydro alcoholic extractin comparison to standard anti-microbial drugs will be studied.Methods: Panchavalkal and modified Panchavalkalin water, alcohol and hydro alcoholic extract will be subjected to a test antimicrobial property by agar well diffusion method. Results will be assessed on the basis of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and the zone of inhibition (ZOI) of plant extracts against the microorganism that will be measured.Conclusions: Conclusion will be drawn on the basis of results obtained about anti-microbial activity of Pachavalkal and modified Panchavalkal in three different extracts.Trial registration:It is taken, Ref. No. MGACHRC/IEC/February-2021/193-A
ABSTRACT
The study was carried out to investigate the effect of panchakavya made from cow (PK-C) and buffalo (PK-B) products on urease and dehydrogenase activity and root yield of Ashwagandha and it revealed that soil application of PK-C @ 15% recorded the highest urease activity at both the stages of crop (85.24, 44.56 at flowering and harvest during rabi 2007-08 and 81.07, 35.50 μg of NH4 + released g-1 soil h-1 at flowering and harvest in kharif 2008). The highest dehydrogenase activity also noticed in the same treatment (91.05, 49.05 μg of TPF g-1 soil day-1 at flowering, harvest during rabi 2007-08 and 81.00,, 39.64 μg of TPF g-1 soil day-1 at flowering, harvest in kharif 2008) during both the years. The highest dry root yield was recorded with PK - C @ 5% - 4 sprays (290 and 280 kg ha-1 during both the years, respectively).
ABSTRACT
Fluoride concentrations in surface and ground water samples were determined in eight villages of Prakasham district in India. Thirty-eight samples were collected and analysed for fluoride content along with pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, total alkalinity, chlorides (C1), sulfates (SO2-) and nitrates (NO ). Fluoride concentrations in surface and ground water samples of these villages varied between 0.5 and 9.0 mg/L. Groundwater samples contained high concentrations of fluorides compared to open well and pond water samples, which could be a major source of fluoride in water since the geological formation of this area consists of fluorite and fluoropatite. From the data, it is evident that the population in the study area is severely affected by fluorosis. Dental and skeletal fluorosis and deformation of bones in children as well as adults were observed in the study area indicating the consequences of excess fluoride concentration. Fluoride concentrations showed good correlation with TDS concentrations (R2 of 0.61) compared to other physico-chemical parameters [EC (R2 - 0.36), nitrate (R - 0.24), total hardness (R - 0.12), chloride (R2 - 0.06) and sulfate (R2 - 4 x 10(-6))].