ABSTRACT
Background: Helicobacter Pylori [H. Pylori] is recognized as the primary cause of chronic gastritis and gastric diseases. H. Pylori is associated with increased risk of gastric cancer through the development of a multi-step carcinogenesis. Multiple biopsies of gastric mucosa are helpful in making a categorical diagnosis of H. Pylori induced gastric lesions
Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the morphology of different gastric lesions associated with H. Pylori
Material and Methods: It was a descriptive study conducted in the Department of histopathology, Services Institute of Medical Sciences / Services Hospital, Lahore. The study included 157 endoscopic biopsies from patients undergoing endoscopy for non-ulcer dyspepsia during a period of one year from January 2008 to December 2008
Results: A total of 157 gastric biopsies from patients of ages ranging from 5 to 85 years were included, out of which 6 [3.8%] were normal. Out of 151 remaining patients, 128 [84.8%] were in the fifth and sixth decade who were found to have chronic gastritis with evidence of H. Pylori in 42 [32.8%]. 13 [8.6%] had gastric adenocarcinoma with evidence of H. Pylori in 1[7.7%]. 77 [60.16%] of the patients with chronic gastritis were males out of which 26 [34%] were positive for H. Pylori. No evidence of atrophic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia was seen
Conclusion: Chronic gastritis was predominant diagnosis followed by gastric adenocarcinoma. Multiple endoscopic gastric biopsies should be taken to rule out the possibility of pangastritis, atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia which are part of multi-step development of gastric carcinoma
ABSTRACT
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women, age 40 - 50 years. It is the second leading cause of cancer deaths i.e about 250,000 women die of this disease every year. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the accuracy, utility and feasibility of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology [FNAC] in diagnosing breast lesions in association with palpable size of the tumour. It was a descriptive study conducted in the Department ofHistopathology; Services Institute of Medical Sciences and Services Hospital Lahore. The study included 464 patients with palpable breast lesions undergoing fine-needle aspiration cytology during a period of three years from January 2006 to December 2008. Using d - C5 categories of FNAC smears, 281 out 0/464 [60.6%] were categorized as C[2] followed by C[5] 48 [10.3%], there was a significant [P < 0.0001] relationship between palpable size of the breast lesion and cytological category of the specimens. Fibroadenoma was the most frequent [161] [34.6%] benign tumour, C[3] accounted for 9.3% [43 out of 464]. The C[1] - C[5] grading system for FNAC is the most cost - effective and practical out patient procedure for early diagnosis of breast lesions. It is recommended that FNAC should be used as a routine diagnostic method to maximise availability of health care to patients with breast lesions
ABSTRACT
A total 238 lymph nod specimen were studied at various Hospitals of Lahore. The ages of these patients ranged from 2 years to 80 years. Maximum number of patients with lymphadenopathy [90 out of 238] 37.8% cases were in 10-19 years age group. Females [51.7%] presenting with lymph node enlargement were more affected than males [48.3%]. The commonest presenting complaint was fever [56.3%]. Cervical lymph nodes [80.3%] were the commonest site of involvement. On histopathological examination, seven morphological groups were highlighted; tuberculous lymphadenitis [42.5%], chronic nonspecific lymhadenitis [36.6%], viral lymphadenitis [3.4%] acute bacterial lymphadenitis [0.8%]. Fungal lymphadenitis [0.8%], Metastatic carcinoma [11.3%] and lymphomas [4.6%]