ABSTRACT
Resumo Considerando que a demanda de ampliação de serviços de cuidados paliativos nos hospitais gerais do Brasil torna necessário enfrentar obstáculos e estabelecer estratégias para viabilizar a implantação desses serviços no sistema de saúde, buscou-se identificar o processo de implantação e a efetivação de serviços de cuidados paliativos em hospitais gerais do país. Mediante revisão integrativa da literatura, que consistiu na análise de quatro artigos, foram identificadas as seguintes etapas para implantação e efetivação de serviços de cuidados paliativos: elaboração de protocolo, cuidado humanizado, multidisciplinariedade e educação. Além disso, detectaram-se os desafios a seguir: ausência de treinamento e educação em cuidados paliativos, dificuldade de consenso sobre práticas paliativas, comunicação, oferta de fármacos e apoio dos governos. Considera-se que o estabelecimento de políticas públicas é essencial para garantir a implantação dos cuidados paliativos em hospitais.
Abstract Since expanding palliative care services within general hospitals in Brazil involves confronting obstacles and establishing strategies to enable their implementation in the health system, this study sought to identify the process around establishing and implementing palliative care services in Brazilian general hospitals. An integrative literature review of four articles identified the following steps for establishing and implementing palliative care services: protocol development, humanized care, multidisciplinarity, and education. As for the obstacles, the analysis highlighted the lack of training and education in palliative care, difficulty in reaching consensus on palliative practices, communication, drug supply, and government support. In conclusion, public policy development is essential to guarantee the implementation of palliative care in hospitals.
Resumen Teniendo en cuenta que la demanda de servicios de cuidados paliativos en los hospitales generales de Brasil requiere el enfrentamiento de obstáculos y el establecimiento de estrategias para viabilizar la implementación de estos servicios en el sistema de salud, se plantea identificar el proceso de implantación y la efectividad de los servicios de cuidados paliativos en hospitales generales del país. Desde una revisión integradora de la literatura, que consistió en el análisis de cuatro artículos, se identificaron las siguientes etapas para la implantación y efectividad de los servicios de cuidados paliativos: Elaboración de protocolos, cuidado humanizado, multidisciplinariedad y educación. Además, se constataron como desafíos la falta de formación y educación en cuidados paliativos, la dificultad para llegar a consensos sobre prácticas paliativas, la comunicación, el suministro de medicamentos y el apoyo gubernamental. Es fundamental establecer políticas públicas para garantizar la implantación de los cuidados paliativos en los hospitales.
Subject(s)
Palliative Care , Public Policy , Hospitals, GeneralABSTRACT
Desmoid tumors develop from connective tissue, fasciae, and aponeuroses, and may occur in the context of familial adenomatous polyposis or may arise sporadically; also, they may be extra-abdominal, intra-abdominal, or located in the abdominal wall. These benign tumors have a great aggressiveness with a high rate of local recurrence. Familial adenomatous polyposis is an inherited condition with autosomal dominant transmission, and is characterized by the development of multiple colonic and rectal adenomatous polyps, as well as desmoid tumors. We present the case of a 54-year-old woman with germline APC gene mutation, who underwent a total colectomy, subsequently developing two large infiltrative solid intra-abdominal lesions consistent with desmoid tumors. Medical treatment with Cox-2 inhibitors was initiated without result. She was submitted to resection for intestinal obstruction, but developed local recurrence. The lesions were also unresponsive to tamoxifen, and chemotherapy was initiated with dacarbazine plus doxorubicin, switching to vinorelbine plus methotrexate, achieving a good response in all lesions after 12 months. The approach to these intra-abdominal lesions should be progressive, beginning with observation, then a medical approach with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or with an anti-hormonal agent. Afterwards, if progression is still evident, chemotherapy should be started. Surgery should be reserved for resistance to medical treatment, in palliative situations, or for extra-abdominal or abdominal wall desmoids tumors.