ABSTRACT
Background:Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a severe and potentially lethal disease, with serious short and long?term complications and a potentially fatal outcome. Objective:To determine the correlation of Serum Albumin and Red cell Distribution Width( RDW),with deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.Materials & Methods: A retrospective study was carried out from the archive of patients with an event of VTE admitted in theGeneral Medicine ward, Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan. Patients’ demographics, presenting symptoms, laboratory tests particularly RDW and Serum Albumin, medications, interventions, and outcomes were collected.Result:A total of 131 cases wereevaluated. Majority of the patients (48.8%) were in age group 45-64 years. The mean duration of hospitalization stay of venous thromboembolism (VTE) patients was 6.6 ± 1.4 days. Mean RDW (%) of the total study participants was 15.3 ± 1.4. Mean serum albumin of the total study participants was 3.3 ± 0.8.Conclusion:Majority of the patients were found with higher RDW and Low Serum Albumin.
ABSTRACT
Background: Transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) is the primary treatment modality for Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Restaging transurethral resection of bladder tumour (RETURBT) is indicated to reduce risk of residual disease and correct staging errors after primary TURBT. The aim of the study is to evaluate the risk of residual tumour and upstaging in NMIBC after TURBT and to investigate the risk factors for the same.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out over 4 years and 87 patients were included in the study. Patients with NMIBC underwent RETURBT after 2-6 weeks of primary TURBT. The incidence of residual tumour and upstaging in RETUBRT was correlated with various histopathological and morphological parameters in primary TURBT.Results: Out of 87 patients, who underwent RETURBT, residual disease was present in 51 patients (58.6%) and upstaging occurred in 22 patients (25.2%).On univariate analysis, T1 stage (p=0.01), high grade (p=0.01), Carcinoma in situ(CIS) (p=0.01) and multifocality (p=0.05) were predictive for residual disease in RETURBT. High grade (p=0.01), CIS (p=0.01) and absence of detrusor muscle in specimen (p=0.03) were risk factors for upstaging in RETURBT.Conclusions: NMIBC have high incidence of residual disease and upstaging after primary TURBT. T1 stage, high tumour grade, CIS, and multifocality are risk factors for residual disease after primary TURBT. High tumour grade, CIS and absence of detrusor muscle are strongly associated with upstaging during RETURBT.
ABSTRACT
Malacoplakia is one of the rare, chronic inflammatory disorders affecting the epididymis and testis. Diagnosis of the same is important as the treatment differs from the other granulomatous lesions in this area. We present a case of malacoplakia involving both the epididymis and testis with a brief review of literature.
Subject(s)
Diagnosis, Differential , Epididymis/pathology , Epididymitis/pathology , Genital Diseases, Male/pathology , Humans , Malacoplakia , Male , Middle Aged , Orchiectomy , Testicular Diseases/pathology , Testis/pathologyABSTRACT
Squamous epithelium in thyroid is an unusual finding. It is seen in a variety of inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. It's presence has been attributed to metaplastic change of follicular epithelium by some authors and to the persistence of ultimobranchial body by others. We encountered a case of multinodular goiter with groups of squamous cells lining a cystic cavity. We report it because of it's rarity with a brief review of literature.