ABSTRACT
@#Background & Objective: Many studies demonstrated that migraine patients have an interictal habituation and deficit of visual evoked potentials. Controversially, other studies could not reproduce similar finding. Hence, there is a dilemma regarding what should be the ultimate conclusions. The purpose of this study was to compare amplitude and habituation of pattern reversal visual evoked potentials in migraine with aura patients and healthy volunteers. Methods: A total of 40 migraine with aura patients and 40 controls were prospectively enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Using the pattern reversal stimuli, visual evoked potential were estimated in all the participants and abnormalities were noted. Results: In migraine with aura patients, there was a statistically significant increase in the amplitude of the P100 wave due to deficient habituation after 15 min stimulation. In normal subjects, there was a decrease in the amplitude of the P100 wave due to the effect of habituation. The deficient habituation can be because of decreased serotonin levels resulting in reduced pre-activation of the cortex. Conclusion: Migraine with aura patients show evidence of abnormal cortical processing with interictal hyperactivity seen in heightened responsiveness and lack of habituation to visual evoked responses.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is an increasingly common metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Diabetes mellitus is frequently associated with dyslipidemia and an increased percentage of glycated hemoglobin. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for cardiovascular complications. Objective: To assess the relationship between glycemic control (as reflected by glycated hemoglobin; HbA1c) and serum lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients were selected from those attending Diabetes Mellitus Clinic, Seventeenth of February Teaching Hospital, Al- Baida as outpatients. The subjects were divided into 3 groups such as group I as the control group, group II as the diabetic group with all related complications excluded and group III as those with type 2 DM with atleast cardiovascular event in the last two years considered as cardiovascular complication of DM. Blood samples were collected from all the subjects and tested for glucose level, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol using authenticated reagents kits on an auto analyzer. LDL cholesterol was calculated using Friedwald’s formula. Results: The levels of glycated hemoglobin (p<0.0001), fasting glucose level (p<0.0001) and triglycerides (p<0.0001), were significantly raised and HDL cholesterol (p<0.0001) is found to have significantly decreased in diabetic patients with or without cardiovascular complications. In those patients with diabetic complications, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly raised and high density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased when compared to control subjects. Conclusion: The findings of the study showed significant positive correlation between glycated hemoglobin with the levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in both control and diabetic groups with or without complications. Glycated hemoglobin level was significant and positively correlated with total cholesterol and triglycerides in type 2 DM.