ABSTRACT
Background: Spontaneous pneumothorax is a respiratory emergency, which we come across in clinical practice. It needs quick diagnosis and prompt treatment. Its immediate and prompt management can save a life of the patient. Delayed management can produce serious implication on respiratory function. The objective was aimed to study profile of patients of spontaneous pneumothorax. Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study conducted among purposively selected 100 patients of pneumothorax at a GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Dharpur-Patan of North Gujarat region, India between February 2013 and January 2015 after taking written informed consent. A predesigned semi-structured performa was used. Detailed demographic and clinical data were recorded. Patients were treated with simple needle aspiration or Intercostal drainage tube (ICDT) as per the standard practice at our institute. Data was statistically analyzed using SPSS software (trial version). Results: Based on the total number of admissions to our hospital during the study period, the annual incidence of SP was calculated as 99.9 per 100,000 hospital admissions. Out of 100 patients 84 patients were above the age of 40 years. 96 % of the patients were male. Dyspnea was the most common symptom at the onset and was present in all patients. History of smoking was present in 88% of the patients. Past history of COPD and tuberculosis were found in 58% and 34% of the patients respectively. Radiological evidence showed right sided pneumothorax in 50% of the patients whereas 48% had left sided pneumothorax. 86% of the patients were treated with Intercostal drainage tube. Among all patients treated with ICDT, 6% of the patients had surgical emphysema while 10% of the patients had secondary infection of pleural space leading to hydro pneumothorax. Conclusion: Spontaneous pneumothorax in India is more often secondary to an underlying lung disease. COPD and pulmonary tuberculosis remains the common causes of SP. Smoking is an important risk factor for the development of pneumothorax. X-Ray chest is one of the most important investigations for diagnosis of pneumothorax & underlying etiological factors.
ABSTRACT
Background: For diseases like hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes mellitus and other chronic diseases body mass index (BMI) is identified as a positive and independent risk factor associated with both morbidity and mortality. The objective of the study is to establish a relationship between blood pressure and BMI among government employees of Gujarat state. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among government employees of new Sachivalaya, Gandhinagar of Gujarat during April to July 2004. Total 775 employees were selected using stratified, systematic random and simple random sampling designs. Written consent of all the subjects was obtained. A structured pre-tested proforma was used for collecting information and the results of the measurements. Anthropometric measurements like height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference were taken and BMI was calculated. To test the significance of the difference among the statistical parameters in different subsets of population F-test was applied. Results: Out of 775 subjects participated in the study 676 (87.2 percent) were males and 99 (12.8 percent) were females. The highest proportion of the study subjects were in the 41-50 age groups. The mean age of the study population was 46.72 years. The mean Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) of the total study population was 125.9 mm of Hg. The mean Diastolic Blood Pressure (SBP) of the total study population was 81.5 mm of Hg. The mean SBP and DBP shows an increasing trend with increasing age & were found statistically significant. [For SBP, F = 15.36, p=0.00, For DBP, F=4.9; p=0.007]. The difference among mean SBP and DBP of the three categories of BMI were found statistically significant in male population, female population and total study population (For SBP, F =14.48, p =0.00001) (For DBP, F=20.14, p=0.00000). Conclusion: There is significant correlation between BMI and DBP or SBP among government employees of Gujarat state situated in western part of India, thus basic measurement of weight and height to determine the BMI as a routine assessment during clinic visitation with appropriate lifestyle modification would help in controlling hypertension as well as reduce its prevalence.