Effects of serum albumin on the photophysical characteristics of synthetic and endogenous protoporphyrin IX

The study of the interaction of synthetic protoporphyrin IX (PpIXs) and protoporphyrin IX extracted from Harderian glands of ssp Rattus novergicus albinus rats (PpIXe) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was conducted in water at pH 7.3 and pH 4.5 by optical absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. PpIXs is present as H- and J-aggregates in equilibrium with themselves and with monomers. The PpIXs charge is 2− at pH 7.3 and 1− at pH 4.5. This increases its aggregation at pH 4.5 and shifts the equilibrium in favor of J-aggregates. In spite of electrostatic attraction at pH 4.5, where BSA is positive, the binding constant (Kb) of PpIXs to BSA is 20% less than that at pH 7.3, where BSA is negative. This occurs because higher aggregation of PpIXs at pH 4.5 reduces the observed Kb value. At both pHs, water-soluble PpIXe exists in the monomeric form with the charge of 1− and its Kb exceeds that of PpIXs. At pH 4.5, its Kb is 12 times higher than that at pH 7.3 due to electrostatic attraction between the positively charged BSA and the negatively charged PpIXe. The higher probability of PpIXe binding to BSA makes PpIXe more promising as a fluorescence probe for fluorescence diagnostics and as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. The existence of PpIXe in the monomeric form can explain its faster cell internalization. Aggregation reduces quantum yields and lifetimes of the PpIXs excited states, which explains higher phototoxicity of PpIXe toward malignant cells compared with PpIXs.

Relationship between superovulation and embryo production with ovarian follicular population before superovulatory treatment in Brazilian Bergamasca sheep / [Relação da resposta superovulatória e produção embrionária com a população folicular ovariana antes do tratamento superovulatório de ovelhas da raça Bergamácia Brasileira]

The objective of this study was to quantify the superovulatory response and embryo production of Brazilian Bergamasca sheep and to evaluate the link to the follicular condition before superovulatory treatment, as a reference for selection of donors with potential for superovulation. Follicular population of twenty-three sheep was evaluated by ultrasound during metestrus phase of the estrous cycle and divided into groups of low, medium and high follicular population. Subsequently, they were synchronized, superovulated with 133mg of pFSH, mated and subjected to embryo collection. The superovulatory response (9.0±3.3 vs 10.7±6.2 vs 13.8±7.1) and embryo production (4.0±3.8 vs 2.6±2.0 vs 1,8±4.0) were similar between groups (P>0.05). There was a positive correlation between the number of follicles during the metestrus phase and the number of corpus luteum with premature regression (PLR) (0.52) and a negative correlation between the recovery rate and PLR (-0.44) (P<0.05). The sheep that presented PLR had more follicles during metestrus (16.9±7.8 vs 12.7±3.2) and lower embryo recovery rate (38.8±29.3 vs 72.2±29.9) than those with functional CLs (P<0.05). Follicular quantification during metestrus phases was unable to identify donors with high embryo production. Animals with PLR had a larger follicular population during metestrus and lower embryo recovery rate.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a resposta superovulatória e a produção embrionária de ovelhas Bergamácia Brasileira e relacioná-las com a condição folicular antes do tratamento superovulatório, como referência para seleção de doadoras com potencial para superovulação. Vinte e três ovelhas foram avaliadas quanto à população folicular por ultrassonografia na fase de metaestro do ciclo estral e divididas em grupos com baixa, média e alta população folicular. Posteriormente foram sincronizadas, superovuladas com 133mg de pFSH, acasaladas e submetidas à coleta de embriões. A resposta superovulatória (9,0±3,3 vs. 10,7±6,2 vs. 13,8±7,1) e a produção embrionária (4,0±3,8 vs. 2,6±2,0 vs. 1,8±4,0) foram semelhantes entre os grupos (P>0,05). Houve correlação positiva entre o número de folículos no metaestro e o número de corpos lúteos com regressão prematura (RPCL) (0,52) e correlação negativa entre a taxa de recuperação e RPCL (-0,44) (P <0,05). As ovelhas que apresentaram RPCL tiveram mais folículos no metaestro (16,9±7,8 vs. 12,7±3,2) e menor taxa de recuperação embrionária (38,8±29,3 vs. 72,2±29,9) do que as que apresentaram CLs funcionais (P<0,05). A quantificação folicular nas fases de metaestro não foi capaz de identificar doadoras com alto potencial de produção embrionária. Animais com RPCL tiveram maior população folicular no metaestro e menor recuperação de embriões.(AU)

Dry matter productivity and bromatological quality of ryegrass genotypes cultivated in southern Brazil / [Produtividade de matéria seca e qualidade bromatológica de genótipos de azevém cultivados no Sul do Brasil]

The goal of this work was to assess the biomass production and bromatological quality of ryegrass genotypes in ten municipalities of the Western and North Plateau regions of the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The cultivars La Estanzuela 284 (diploid), Bar HQ, Barjumbo, INIA Escorpio, Potro, and Winter Star (tetraploids) were compared, distributed in a randomized block design, in which the municipalities constituted the blocks, with three replications. The cuts were performed when the plants reached 30cm, leaving a residue of 10cm. In three cuts, the cultivars Barjumbo and Bar HQ were the most productive, exceeding 4.6 t ha-1 of dry matter. In the places in which five cuts were performed, the production of these cultivars exceeded 7.3 t ha-1, placing them again ahead of the others. The average crude protein content in three cuts was greater than 25% in all cultivars. There was no difference between the genotypes in the content of neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients. There was a significant correlation between quantitative and qualitative productive variables. The assessed cultivars represented good options for composing short-term or long-term winter-feeding systems, adjusted to the integration with annual crops or warm-season pastures.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de biomassa e qualidade bromatológica de genótipos de azevém, em dez municípios das regiões Oeste e Planalto Norte Catarinense, Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram comparados os cultivares La Estanzuela 284 (diploide), Bar HQ, Barjumbo, INIA Escorpio, Potro e Winter Star (tetraploides), distribuídos em um delineamento blocos casualizados, em que os municípios constituíram os blocos, com três repetições. Os cortes foram realizados quando as plantas atingiram 30cm, deixando um resíduo de 10cm. Sob três cortes, os cultivares Barjumbo e Bar HQ foram os mais produtivos, ultrapassando 4,6 t ha-1 de matéria seca. Nos locais em que ocorreram cinco cortes, a produção destes cultivares superou 7,3 t ha-1, posicionando-os novamente à frente dos demais. O teor médio de proteína bruta em três cortes foi superior a 25% em todos os cultivares. Não houve diferença entre os genótipos no teor de fibra detergente neutro e de nutrientes digestíveis totais. Verificou-se correlação significativa entre variáveis produtivas quantitativas e qualitativas. Os cultivares testados representam boas opções para compor sistemas forrageiros hiberno-primaveris de curta ou longa duração, ajustando-se à integração com lavouras ou pastagens anuais de estação quente.(AU)

Glutamine use in feeding juvenile pirarucu, Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) / [Uso da glutamina na alimentação de juvenis de pirarucu, Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822)]

This study aimed to evaluate glutamine supplementation effects on variables of growth performance, body composition, intestinal morphology and enzymatic aspects of juvenile Arapaima gigas. Research was conducted at the Fish Nutrition and Feeding Laboratory, where 60 examples of pirarucu (initial average weight of 82.12g) were distributed over 15 polyethylene tanks (310L), in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and three repetitions (four fish per experimental unit). Experimental diets were prepared containing five inclusion levels of the amino acid glutamine (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%), supplied three times a day for 45 days. Quadratic effect was observed for the variables of growth performance, weight gain, food consumption, food conversion, and specific growth and protein efficiency rates. A significant effect was observed on intestinal villi at the height of the anterior portion and on activity of the enzyme's alkaline proteases, lipase, amylase and aspartate aminotransferase. However, glutamine supplementation had no significant effect on survival rate. Inclusion of 1.02% of glutamine in the diets of juvenile pirarucu improved growth performance and influenced intestinal villi height and activity of important digestive enzymes, favoring nutrient digestion and absorption.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da suplementação com glutamina sobre variáveis de desempenho produtivo, composição corporal, morfologia do intestino e aspectos enzimáticos de juvenis de Arapaima gigas. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Nutrição e Alimentação de Peixes, onde 60 exemplares de pirarucu (peso médio inicial de 82,12g) foram distribuídos em 15 tanques de polietileno (310L), em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e três repetições (quatro peixes por unidade experimental). As dietas experimentais foram confeccionadas contendo cinco níveis de inclusão do aminoácido glutamina (0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0%), fornecidas três vezes ao dia, ao longo de 45 dias. Foi observado efeito quadrático para variáveis de desempenho produtivo: ganho de peso, consumo alimentar, conversão alimentar, taxa de crescimento específico e taxa de eficiência proteica. Observou-se ainda efeito significativo sobre a altura das vilosidades da porção anterior do intestino e a atividade das enzimas: proteases alcalinas, lipase, amilase e aspartato aminotransferase. Entretanto, a suplementação com glutamina não influenciou significativamente a sobrevivência dos animais. A adição de 1,02% de glutamina nas dietas para juvenis de pirarucu melhorou o desempenho produtivo e influenciou a altura das vilosidades intestinais e a atividade de enzimas digestivas importantes, favorecendo a digestão e a absorção de nutrientes.(AU)

Avaliação da técnica de vitrificação de ovários de camundongos da linhagem B6D2F1, pertencentes ao Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos - ICTB/Fiocruz-RJ / Evaluation of ovary vitrification technique from B6D2F1 strain belonging to the Institute of Biomodels Science and Technology ICTB / Fiocruz-RJ

Objetivou-se testar a vitrificação de ovários de camundongos do ICTB/Fiocruz. Inicialmente, fez-se coleta e maturação in vitro dos oócitos de ovários a fresco e vitrificados, bem como avaliação de estruturas no cultivo embrionário, pós-fertilização in vitro. Fêmeas B6D2F1 foram eutanasiadas para remoção dos ovários (n=60) e divididas em três grupos: grupo 1 (n=30 animais) - oócito de ovários vitrificados, maturados e fertilizados in vitro (120 fragmentos); grupo 2 (n=15) (controle 1) - oócitos coletados a fresco, maturados e fertilizados in vitro; e grupo 3 (n=15) (controle 2) - oócitos maturados in vivo e fertilizados in vitro. A técnica foi verificada no desenvolvimento embrionário in vitro, que foi avaliado pelo teste de qui-quadrado (BioStat 5.0). Recuperaram-se 123, 224 e 328 oócitos nos G1, G2 e G3, respectivamente. Observaram-se diferenças significativas nas taxas de clivagem às 24 horas (embriões ≥ 2 células) entre G1 (8%) e G2 (32%) (P<0,1) e G1 e G3 (49%) (P<0,05), mas não entre G2 e G3 (P>0,05). Para blastocistos, às 96 horas, os grupos G1, G2 e G3 apresentaram, respectivamente, 6%, 11% e 46%, diferindo significativamente entre eles (P<0,05). A vitrificação de ovários, a maturação oocitária e a fertilização in vitro são alternativas para a produção de embriões de camundongos in vitro.(AU)

This work aimed test ovarian vitrification of hybrid mouse from ICTB/Fiocruz. Protocol collection and oocyte in vitro maturation from fresh and vitrified ovaries was established and embryos were evaluated after fertilization. B6D2F1 females were euthanized for ovarian removal (n= 60) and divided into 3 groups: G1 (n= 30) - ovaries fragmented (n= 120), vitrified, matured and fertilized; G2 (n= 15) - in vitro fertilization of oocytes matured in vitro from fresh ovaries; G3 (n= 15) - ampulla region oocytes in vitro fertilizated. Viability was verified by thawing, oocyte in vitro maturation and fertilization. In vitro embryo development of each group was evaluated by Chi-square test (BioStat 5.0). 123, 224 and 328 oocytes were recovered from G1, G2 and G3, respectively. Significant differences were observed in cleavage rates at 24 hours (embryos with 2 cells or more) between G1 (8%) and G2 (32%) (P< 0.1) and G1 and G3 (49%) (P< 0.05) but not between G2 and G3 (P> 0.05). Blastocysts at 96 hours presented 6%, 11% and 46%, respectively for G1, G2 and G3, differing significantly (P< 0.05). Ovary vitrification, oocyte in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization were available for the production of in vitro mouse embryos.(AU)

Criterios Ergonómicos para el Diseño de Quirófanos / Ergonomic Criteria for Operating Room Design

Resumen El personal involucrado en el área quirúrgica se ve afectado con lesiones musculoesqueléticas por esfuerzos y movimientos repetitivos acumulados. La gravedad de sus lesiones está dada en función de las posturas de trabajo, la especialidad quirúrgica y la disposición de los elementos con los que interactúa. La ergonomía ha tomado relevancia ya que ha hecho aportes muy importantes para las condiciones de trabajo en diferentes áreas. Aun cuando en la literatura se pueden encontrar diversas investigaciones de la frecuencia y los efectos de las lesiones ocupacionales en el personal del área quirúrgica, escasos estudios han propuesto pautas para el diseño ergonómico de quirófanos. El presente estudio engloba cuatro criterios ergonómicos que deben considerarse para el diseño de quirófanos.

Abstract Personnel involved in the surgical area are affected with musculoskeletal injuries due to accumulated repetitive stress and movements. The severity of the injuries is given according to the work postures, the surgical specialty and the arrangement of the elements in the operating room. Ergonomics has become relevant since it has made very important contributions to working conditions in different areas. Although in the literature investigations of the frequency and effects of occupational injuries on surgical staff can be found, few studies have proposed guidelines for the ergonomic design of operating rooms. The present study encompasses four ergonomic criteria that should be considered for the design of operating rooms.

Evaluación de resultados radiográficos en población geriátrica con hallux valgus grado moderado a severo intervenido con técnica quirúrgica de Lelièvre y Vidalot / Evaluation of radiographic results in geriatric population with moderate to severe degree hallux valgus intervened with surgical technique of Lelièvre and Vidalot

Resumen: Antecedentes: Hallux valgus (HV) es una desviación en valgo de la articulación metatarsofalángica y en varo del primer metatarsiano. La cirugía pretende reestablecer la congruencia articular, corregir la deformidad y disminuir el dolor. Existe poca literatura de los resultados en población geriátrica. El propósito de este estudio es demostrar que la técnica quirúrgica abierta de Lelièvre y Vidalot logra resultados radiográficos aceptables en dicha población. Material y métodos: 68 pacientes entre 60 y 85 años intervenidos con técnica Lelièvre y Vidalot por HV moderado a severo de Isham, entre Enero 2014 y Enero 2017. Se evaluaron las radiografías preoperatoria, postoperatoria inmediata y a los seis meses, con radiometría convencional para esta afección; todas las mediciones se realizaron en sistema digital. Los datos se ingresaron en Microsoft Excel. Los valores de p < 0.05 se consideraron estadísticamente significativos. Resultados: De 68 pacientes (54 mujeres y 14 hombres), edad media 68.0 años, 12 presentaron afectación bilateral; 28 segundo dedo en garra. El ángulo metatarsofalángico con una media preoperatoria fue 36.6o, incrementado en 100% de los casos de ángulo intermetatarsal 1-2, existiendo una correlación p < 0.05 entre ángulo intermetatarsal y aumento del ángulo metatarsofalángico. Los resultados postquirúrgicos inmediato y a seis meses presentaron una correlación p = 0.3107. Conclusiones: El tratamiento de HV moderado a severo en nuestra población geriátrica bajo técnica Lelièvre y Vidalot logra una corrección aceptable demostrada radiográficamente en el postoperatorio inmediato y a los seis meses, esto traduce una opción viable de tratamiento quirúrgico en dicha población.

Abstract: Background: Hallux valgus (HV) defines a valgo deviation from the metatarsophalangeal joint and in a varo of the first metatarsal. The surgery aims to restore joint congruence, correct deformity and decrease pain. There is little literature on the results in the geriatric population. The purpose of this study is intended to demonstrate that the open surgical technique of Lelièvre and Vidalot achieves acceptable radiographic results in that population. Material and methods: 68 patients between 60 and 85 years of age were involved with Lelièvre Technique and Vidalot for moderate to severe HV of Isham, between January 2014 and January 2017. Immediate postoperative and six month radiographs were evaluated with conventional radiometry for this condition; All measurements were made in digital system. The data was entered in Microsoft Excel. p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 68 patients (54 women and 14 men), average age 68.0 years. 12 had bilateral concern. 28 second finger claw. The metatarsphasopalangic angle with a preoperative mean was 36.6o, increased by 100% of cases of intermetatarsal angle 1-2, with a correlation p < 0.05 between intermetatarsal angle and metatarsal angle increase. Immediate and six-month post-surgical results with a correlation of p = 0.3107. Conclusions: The treatment of moderate to severe HV in our geriatric population under technique Lelièvre and Vidalot achieves an acceptable correction demonstrated radiographically in the immediate postoperative period and at six month, this translates a viable option of surgical treatment in these population.

El adolescente con cardiopatía congénita: transición y transferencia / The adolescent with congenital heart defects: transition and transfer

Introducción: Los grandes avances en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los pacientes con cardiopatías congénitas en las últimas décadas han permitido que mas del 90% lleguen a la adolescencia y edad adulta. Sin embargo, muchos de ellos requirieran seguimiento e intervenciones de por vida, por lo que necesitaran ser transferidos desde el hospital pediátrico al de adultos. Material y Métodos: Se incluyeron los pacientes mayores de 15 años que consultaron en el área ambulatoria del servicio de cardiología del Hospital Garrahan durante el periodo agosto 2017 - agosto 2018. Las variables analizadas fueron: procedencia, cardiopatía de base y variedad pronostica ,procedimientos intervencionistas factores asociados como síndrome genéticos y otras comorbilidades, cobertura social, nivel educativo, terapéutica medicamentosa, clase funcional, embarazos, prevalencia de cardiopatías en la descendencia y transición-transferencia al hospital de adultos. Resultados: Registramos 704 consultas de 309 pacientes con una edad media de 19,17 años (DS +- 4,62; (rango 15- 49,4 años). Fueron 112 mujeres y 197 varones. El 51,1 % provenían de Buenos Aires,40 % de las provincias del interior y 8,1% CABA. El 92% de los pacientes tenía cardiopatías de moderada y severa complejidad, y el 93,5% eran operadas. El 13,2 % eran síndromes genéticos. El 48.5% tenían comorbilidades, siendo los trastornos electrofisiológicos los más frecuentes en el 72,66% de los casos. El 63% tenía cobertura social pero solo el 2,6% prepagos con cobertura en centros alta complejidad. El 23.6% recibía terapia combinada con 2 o más drogas. El 48,78% ya presentaban antecedente de algún tipo de reintervención, 98,5% de estas se vincularon a las cardiopatías moderadas a complejas. Registramos 15 embarazos con 14 recién nacidos vivos, 1 con cardiopatía congénita. El proceso de transición ­ transferencia en el 55% (170 p) se había iniciado, siendo efectiva (8p), frustra (9p), compartida (49 p), y en proceso (103 p). Hubo un solo fallecimiento durante el periodo de estudio, vinculado a cardiopatía compleja, múltiples reintervenciones y endocarditis. Conclusiones: El 92% de los pacientes en nuestro estudio, tienen cardiopatías operadas de moderada y severa complejidad. Los trastornos electrofisiológicos y la necesidad de reintervenciones durante el seguimiento alejado han sido las complicaciones más frecuentes de esta población. El proceso de transición y transferencia desde el hospital pediátrico al de adultos es deficitario, principalmente por falta de cobertura y experiencia sobre todo para la atención continua de las cardiopatías moderadas y complejas (AU)

Introduction: In recent decades, important advances in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with congenital heart defects have allowed more than 90% of them to reach adolescence and adulthood. However, many patients required lifelong follow-up and interventions, and therefore the need to be transitioned from pediatric to adult care. Material and Methods: Patients older than 15 years who consulted at the outpatient clinic of the department of cardiology at Garrahan Hospital from August 2017 to August 2018 were included. The variables analyzed were place of origin, underlying heart disease, and diagnosis, interventions, associated factors, such as genetic syndromes and other comorbidities, insurance coverage, educational level, pharmacological treatment, functional class, pregnancies, prevalence of heart disease in offspring, and transition-transfer to adult hospital. Results: We recorded 704 consultations from 309 patients with an average age of 19.17 years (SD +- 4.62; range 15-49.4 years); 112 patients were female and 197 male. Overall, 51.1% came from the province of Buenos Aires, 40% from the other provinces, and 8.1% from the city of Buenos Aires. Of the patients, 92% had moderate and severe heart disease, and 93.5% had undergone surgery. Genetic syndromes were identified in 13.2%. Overall, 48.5% had comorbidities, of which electrophysiological disorders were the most common in 72.66% of cases. 63% had social insurance coverage but only 2.6% had a prepaid insurance with coverage in tertiary-level centers. Overall, 23.6% received combination therapy with 2 or more drugs. 48.78% had undergone some type of previous reintervention, 98.5% of whom had moderate-to-severe heart disease. We recorded 15 pregnancies with 14 live neonates, one of whom had congenital heart defects. The transition - transfer had been initiated in 55% (170 p) and was effective (8p), frustrated (9p), shared (49 p), or in progress (103 p). There was only one death during the study period, related to severe heart disease, multiple reinterventions, and endocarditis. Conclusions: 92% of patients in our study have moderate or severe operated heart disease. Electrophysiological disorders and the need for reintervention during the long-term follow-up were the most common complications of this population. The process of transition and transfer from pediatric to adult care is deficient, mainly due to lack of insurance coverage and experience especially for the ongoing care of moderate-to-severe heart disease

Encuesta de Percepción en Capacidad Instalada para la Formación de Médicos Residentes en Ortopedia (Traumatología) y Necesidades de la Atención en Patología Musculoesquelética Aguda y Crónica en México. Primera Parte / Installed Capacity Perception Survey for the Training of Resident's Program in Orthopedics and Care Needs in Acute and Chronic Musculoskeletal Pathology in Mexico

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

Abstract: Introduction: It is essential that orthopaedic resident physicians be highly proficient in all aspects, considering the balance between supply, demand, need and context. Fundamental to identify the capacity and quality installed for their training in Mexico. Material and methods: Observational Study, transverse, non-probabilistic sampling-conglomerates, in two phases. The instrument has 8 domains, 57 variables and 4,867 items. 60 graduate professors of 20 states, 50 hospital sites, 22 university programs. Results: 1,038 years of experience (collective intelligence), 17 years of experience/teacher (01 to 50 years). Identified: acute pathology 30 (2 to 90%), chronic pathology 30 (5 to 96%), patients ˂ 15 years, 10 (3 to 30%), patients between 15 and 65 years, 47 (2 to 78%), patients ˃ 65 years, 20 (2 to 60%), number of beds/seat 20 (2 to 510), number of clinics 3 (1 to 48), number of surgical procedures/headquarters per year at the national level, was 960 (50 to 24,650). The national average per resident doctor is 362 surgeries/year with 1,450 surgical times/year. Conclusions: The needs and resources for the training of physicians specializing in orthopedics/traumatology are highly heterogeneous, so it should be adapted to the epidemiological needs of the region of influence, in an area of epidemiological transition. 62.2% expressed not having or have bad academic and scientific infrastructure at its headquarters, more than 50% without rotation overseas and ˃ 90% without regular scientific production.

Evaluation of muscle tissue and liver glycogen of cattle submitted to transport over long distances and subjected to emergency slaughter / Avaliação do tecido muscular e glicogênio hepático de bovinos transportados por longas distâncias e submetidos ao abate de emergência

The study evaluated the effect of transportation over long distances on cattle muscle tissue of submitted to emergency slaughter in slaughterhouses in northern Tocantins, Brazil. The evaluations consisted in pH, muscle and liver glycogen, muscle histopathology and creatine kinase (CK), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity. Animals were placed into two groups: Experimental Group (EG), consisting of 19 bovines intended for immediate emergency slaughter, and Control Group (CG), composed of 24 bovines slaughtered in accordance with the normal flow. CK and ALT levels were high in EG. AST did not differ between groups. EG showed higher muscle pH and mean of degenerate fibers, mainly on the intercostal. However, muscle and liver glycogen did not differ between groups. In conclusion, cattle transported over long distances and subjected to immediate emergency slaughter showed markedly stress condition, with changes in biochemical parameters in the muscle tissue, determined by cellular degeneration.(AU)

O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito do transporte em longas distâncias sobre o tecido muscular de bovinos encaminhados ao abate de emergência. Foram avaliados pH, glicogênio muscular e hepático, análise histopatológica muscular, creatina quinase (CK), alanina aminotransferase (ALT) e aspartato aminotransferase (AST). Os animais foram alocados em dois grupos: grupo experimental (GE), constituído por 19 bovinos destinados ao abate de emergência, e grupo controle (GC), composto por 24 bovinos abatidos de acordo com o fluxo normal do frigorífico. A CK e a ALT estavam aumentadas no GE. O AST não diferiu entre os grupos. O GE apresentou maior percentual de fibras degeneradas, e o músculo intercostal teve maior quantidade de degenerações. O pH muscular foi superior no GE. O glicogênio muscular e o hepático não diferiram entre os grupos. Concluiu-se que bovinos encaminhados ao abate de emergência sofrem estresse severo pelo transporte por longas distâncias, com alterações bioquímicas no tecido muscular determinada pela degeneração celular.(AU)

Phospholipid composition and resistance to vitrification of in vivo blastocyst of a Brazilian naturalized porcine breed / Composição de fosfolipídios e resistência à vitrificação de blastocistos produzidos in vivo de uma raça de suíno naturalizada brasileira

Piau porcine blastocysts were submitted to MALDI-TOF to identify the main phospholipids (PL). After that, in vivo blastocysts (D6) were vitrified (n=52), non-vitrified were used as control (n=42). After warming, blastocysts were in vitro cultured to assess re-expansion and hatching at 24 and 48 hours. Finally, at 48 hours, hatched blastocysts were submitted to RT-qPCR searching for BCL2A1, BAK, BAX and CASP3 genes. For MALDI-TOF, the ion intensity was expressed in arbitrary units. Blastocyst development was compared by Qui-square (P< 0.05). Among the most representative PL was the phosphatidylcholine [PC (32:0) + H]+; [PC (34:1) + H]+ and [PC (36:4) + H]+. Beyond the PL, MALDI revealed some triglycerides (TG), including PPL (50:2) + Na+, PPO (50:1) + Na+, PLO (52:3) + Na+ and POO (52:2) + Na. Re-expansion did not differ (P> 0.05) between fresh or vitrified blastocysts at 24 (33.3%; 32.7%) or 48 hours (2.4%; 13.5%). Hatching rates were higher (P< 0.05) for fresh compared to vitrified at 24 (66.7%; 15.4%) and 48 hours (97.6%; 36.0%). BAX was overexpressed (P< 0.05) after vitrification. In conclusion, Piau blastocysts can be cryopreserved by Cryotop. This study also demonstrated that the apoptotic pathway may be responsible for the low efficiency of porcine embryo cryopreservation.(AU)

Blastocistos de suínos foram submetidos ao MALDI-TOF para se identificarem os principais fosfolipídios (PL). Depois, parte destes embriões (D6) foram vitrificados (n=52), ou permaneceram frescos (grupo controle, n=42). Após o aquecimento, os blastocistos foram cultivados in vitro para se avaliar a reexpansão e a eclosão (BE) às 24 e 48 horas. Finalmente, às 48 horas, os BE foram submetidos ao RT-qPCR em busca dos genes BCL2A1, BAK, BAX e CASP3. No MALDI-TOF, a intensidade do íon foi expressa em unidades arbitrárias. O desenvolvimento embrionário foi comparado por qui-quadrado (P<0,05). Entre os PL mais representativos estavam as fosfatidilcolinas [PC (32: 0) + H] +; [PC (34: 1) + H] + e [PC (36: 4) + H] +. Além do PL, o MALDI revelou alguns triglicerídeos (TG), incluindo PPL (50: 2) + Na +, PPO (50: 1) + Na +, PLO (52: 3) + Na + e POO (52: 2) + Na. A reexpansão não diferiu (P>0,05) entre blastocistos frescos ou vitrificados às 24 (33,3%, 32,7%) e 48 horas (2,4%, 13,5%). As taxas de eclosão foram maiores (P<0,05) para o grupo fresco comparado ao vitrificado às 24 (66,7% x 15,4%) e 48 horas (97,6% x 36,0%). O BAX estava mais expresso (P<0,05) após a vitrificação. Concluindo, os blastocistos Piau podem ser criopreservados por Cryotop. Este estudo também demonstrou que a via apoptótica pode ser responsável pela baixa eficiência da criopreservação de embriões suínos.(AU)

Serum proteinogram of the Campeiro horse / Proteinograma sérico de equinos da raça Campeiro

The aim of this study to measure the fractions of the total serum proteins of the Campeiro horse and identify the influences of biological variants. Blood samples were taken in 138 horses of the breed Campeiro for measuring the concentration of total serum protein by the biuret method. Serum concentrations of protein fractions were measured by electrophoresis using agarose gel. Groups were formed according to age, sex and reproductive condition. The average values of serum fractions: albumin (2.85±0.36g/dl), alpha 1 (0.28±0.11g/dl), alpha 2 (0.26±0.08g/dL) beta 1 (0.57±0.15g/dl), beta 2 (0.89±0.28g/dL), gamaglobulinas (1.86±0.34g/dL), albumin/globulin ratio (0.75±0.18) and 2.5% percentile and 97.5% had slight differences in relation to the reference interval proposed for the species. They observed higher values of alpha 1 and 2 globulins in the group from that had six to eight years old and gammaglobulins in group above 13 years old. Serum protein concentrations were similar in horses and mares and between non-pregnant and pregnant. Sex and pregnancy status did not affect serum proteinogram. Alpha and gammaglobulins have higher values as the age increases. Serum proteinogram of Campeiro horses shows variations that have to be considered in the interpretation of laboratory tests.(AU)

Este trabalho tem por objetivo mensurar as frações das proteínas totais séricas de equinos Campeiros e identificar as influências de variantes biológicas. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 138 equinos, machos e fêmeas da raça Campeiro. A determinação da concentração de proteínas totais séricas foi realizada pelo método de biureto. As concentrações séricas das frações proteicas foram determinadas por eletroforese, utilizando-se gel de agarose. Formaram-se grupos em relação à idade, ao sexo e à condição reprodutiva. Os valores médios das frações séricas albumina (2,85±0,36g/dL), alfa 1 (0,28±0,11g/dL), alfa 2 (0,26±0,08g/dL), beta 1 (0,57±0,15g/dL), beta 2 (0,89±0,28g/dL), gamaglobulinas (1,86±0,34g/dL), relação albumina/globulina (0,75±0,18) e os percentis 2,5% e 97,5% apresentaram diferenças pontuais em relação aos intervalos propostos para a espécie. Observaram-se maiores valores de alfa 1, alfa 2 globulinas, no grupo de seis a oito anos, e de gamaglobulinas, no grupo acima de 13 anos de idade. O proteinograma sérico foi similar entre machos e fêmeas e entre fêmeas vazias e gestantes. Sexo e estado gestacional não afetaram o proteinograma sérico. Alfa e gamaglobulinas têm incrementos em função de idades crescentes. O proteinograma sérico de equinos Campeiros tem variações que devem ser consideradas em exames laboratoriais.(AU)

Linfoma anaplásico de columna cervical: doble reto diagnóstico para el otorrinolaringólogo / Cervical spine anaplastic lymphoma: double diagnostic challenge for the otorhinolaryngologist

RESUMEN Las metástasis de la columna vertebral cervical no se ven comúnmente en el área otorrinolaringológica, y por lo tanto corren el riesgo de pasar por alto durante la evaluación del paciente. Presentamos un caso inusual evaluado debido a las metástasis de la columna cervical de un tumor primario desconocido. Después de extensos procedimientos de estudio que no eran diagnósticos, se obtuvo una biopsia mediante un abordaje cervical extendido. El paciente fue diagnosticado con un linfoma anaplásico, una enfermedad muy rara en la región de cabeza y cuello. Discutimos los hallazgos histológicos y la presentación clínica de esta condición.

ABSTRACT Cervical spine metastases are not commonly seen in the otolaryngology clinic and therefore run the risk of being overlooked during patient evaluation. We report an unusual case evaluated due to cervical spine metastases from an unknown primary tumor. After extensive workup procedures that were non-diagnostic, a biopsy was obtained through an extended cervical approach. The patient was diagnosed with an anaplastic lymphoma, a very rare disease in the head and neck region. We discuss the histologic findings and clinical presentation of this condition.

Rehabilitación de las fracturas de cadera. Revisión sistemática / Rehabilitation of hip fractures. Systematic review

Resumen: Introducción: Las fracturas de cadera se consideran entre las lesiones incapacitantes más comunes en mayores de 60 años. Se asocian a un alto índice de mortalidad y es la causa más frecuente de internamiento que requiere tratamiento quirúrgico en unidades médicas dedicadas a la traumatología. Métodos: Esta revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo agrupar, clasificar y reportar el mejor nivel de evidencia en el manejo de terapia física y rehabilitación en los pacientes con fractura pertrocantérica y subtrocantérica de cadera después de la cirugía de osteosíntesis en desenlaces de actividades de la vida diaria, independencia y complicaciones. Resultados: Se identificaron 3,389 resúmenes y a través de otras fuentes 1,567 resúmenes, se eliminaron duplicados en la búsqueda y posterior a un cribado se obtuvieron 378 artículos para la eliminación adicional. De los 62 ensayos restantes se incluyeron 21 y 41 fueron excluidos. Conclusiones: Los resultados a largo plazo de la terapia física especializada parecen ser cruciales en los primeros meses y no tan importantes al cabo de cuatro meses. La literatura actual sostiene que las diferencias en las capacidades de la vida diaria e independencia de los pacientes que sobreviven, el tratamiento de una fractura de cadera tiende a ser similar independientemente del programa de rehabilitación que se tenga.

Abstract: Introduction: Hip fractures are considered among one of the most disabling injuries in patients older than 60 years of age. This fractures are associated with a high incidence of mortality and it is the leading cause of hospital admission that requires surgical treatment in Orthopaedic Trauma Centers. Methods: This systematic review aimed to group, classify and report the best level of evidence of physical therapy and rehabilitation of patients that have been treated with osteostynthesis after trochanteric or subtrochanteric fracture. The outcomes of efficacy and safety were return to activities of daily living, independence and rate of complications. Results: We identified 3,889 abstracts from PubMed, and 1,567 abstracts from other sources, after eliminating duplicates, and posterior to a thorough screening 378 abstracts were read. From these, 316 abstracts were excluded, and 62 articles were considered eligible. After reading for relevant outcomes 41 articles were excluded. Synthesis was based in 21 studies. Conclusions: Long term results of specialized physical therapy, appear to be crucial in the first months after surgery, and not that important after the four months after surgery. Recent literature supports that the differences of daily activities and independence of the patients that survive a hip fracture tend to be similar with no difference in the type of physical therapy.

Acupuntura para el tratamiento de la artritis reumatoide / Acupuncture for rheumatoid arthritis

Resumen INTRODUCCIÓN: La artritis reumatoide es la artritis inflamatoria más común a nivel mundial. El dolor crónico lleva a pacientes a usar terapias complementarias, entre las cuales se ha planteado la acupuntura MÉTODOS: Para responder esta pregunta utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, reanalizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resúmen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Identificamos siete revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron 20 estudios primarios, todos correspondientes a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que el uso de acupuntura probablemente tiene un impacto mínimo o nulo en la artritis reumatoide.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common inflammatory arthritis worldwide. Chronic pain leads patients to use complementary therapies, including acupuncture. METHODS: To answer this question we used Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We identified 7 systematic reviews including 20 studies overall, all of them randomized trials. We concluded the use of acupuncture probably has little or no impact in rheumatoid arthritis.

Videojuegos como método de entrenamiento para las habilidades quirúrgicas laparoscópicas básicas / Video games as a method of training basic laparoscopic skills

INTRODUCCIÓN: El uso de videojuegos ha sido propuesto como alternativa para acortar la curva de aprendizaje de las habilidades laparoscópicas básicas. Sin embargo, aún no está clara su real utilidad. MÉTODOS: Realizamos una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el cribado de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, analizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Se identificaron tres revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron ocho estudios primarios, de los cuales cuatro son ensayos aleatorizados. Se concluyó que el entrenamiento mediante el uso de videojuegos podría ayudar a acortar la curva de aprendizaje de habilidades visuoespaciales laparoscópicas básicas medido en una plataforma virtual, sin embargo la certeza de la evidencia disponible es baja.

INTRODUCTION: The use of video games has been proposed as an alternative to shorten the learning curve of basic laparoscopic skills. However, it is not yet clar how useful this practice is. METHODS: We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We identified three systematic reviews including eight primary studies, of which four were randomized trials. We concluded video games training could help shorten the learning curve of basic laparoscopic visuospatial skills measured in a virtual platform, but the certainty of the available evidence is low.

Identification of glycoproteins in mucous cells of the gill epithelium of Colossoma macropomum after exposure to organophosphate / Identificação das glicoproteínas nas células mucosas do epitélio branquial de Colossoma macropomum após exposição ao organofosforado

The use of organophosphates has been recommended for fish, especially the trichlorfon to control parasites. Colossoma macropomum were exposed to trichlorfon during 96 hours and of total number of mucous cells decreased in the number of cells when compared to the control group. Glycoproteins acid, acid sulphated and neutral was identified in the gill epithelium. Neutra glycoprotein had a significant decrease between control and the sublethal concentration. Acid glycoprotein didn't have any significant difference between the groups exposed to the trichlorfon, compared to the control group. Sulfated acidic glycoprotein in the group exposed to the trichlorfon was noticed a reduction in number of mucosal cells acidic sulphated. The differences between density cell and production glycoprotein was a response of these cells after exposure to xenobiotic. The reduction of neutral, acid and sulphated acid glycoprotein in the MC of the gill epithelium Colossoma macropomum may affect gills epithelial surface protection by reducing the formation of an unstirred layer and enhance the ion loss.(AU)

A utilização de organofosforados tem sido recomendada em pisciculturas, principalmente o trichlorfon, para o controle de parasitoses. Colossoma macropomum foram expostos ao trichlorfon durante 96 horas, e o número total de células mucosas diminuiu no número de células quando comparado com o grupo controle. Glicoproteínas ácida, ácida sulfatada e neutra foram identificadas no epitélio branquial. Glicoproteína neutra teve uma diminuição significativa entre o controle e a concentração subletal. Glicoproteína ácida não apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos expostos ao triclorfon, em comparação com o grupo controle. Glicoproteína ácida sulfatada no grupo exposto ao triclorfon teve uma redução no número de células da mucosa ácida sulfatada. As diferenças entre a densidade celular e a produção de glicoproteína foi uma resposta dessas células após exposição aos xenobióticos. A redução das glicoproteínas neutra, ácida e ácida sulfatada no epitélio branquial de Colossoma macropomum pode afetar a proteção da superfície, reduzindo a formação de uma camada de muco, e aumentar a perda de íons.(AU)

Protocolo com nove dias de progesterona para inseminação artificial em tempo fixo em vacas taurinas adaptadas ao clima tropical / Protocol with nine days of progesterone for fixed-time artificial insemination in Bos taurus cows adapted to the tropical weather

Três experimentos foram realizados para adaptar um protocolo de sincronização de estro e da ovulação para ser utilizado em programas de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) em vacas taurinas tropicalmente adaptadas. No Exp. 1 (crossover), vacas pluríparas Curraleiro Pé-Duro (n= 12) receberam um dispositivo intravaginal contendo 1g de P4 por oito dias e 2mg de BE intramuscular (IM) no momento da inserção do dispositivo (dia 0). No dia da remoção do dispositivo (dia 8), as fêmeas receberam 150µg de D-cloprostenol sódico e 300UI de gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG) IM, sendo, então, divididas aleatoriamente para receber 1mg de BE no dia 8 (BE8) ou 1mg de BE no dia 9 (BE9). A aplicação de BE no D9 atrasou a ovulação em aproximadamente 15 horas (P<0,05). No Experimento 2, foram avaliados protocolos com oito (P4D8) e nove dias (P4D9) de exposição à progesterona, resultando em parâmetros de desenvolvimento folicular e luteal semelhantes entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). No Experimento 3, os protocolos hormonais de IATF BE8 e P4D9 foram testados para a taxa de prenhez, alcançando 23% (10/43) e 20% (9/45), respectivamente (P>0,05). Embora o grupo P4D9 tenha mostrado avanço na proporção de animais que responderam ao protocolo quando comparado ao protocolo BE8, este não se refletiu em melhora na taxa de prenhez.(AU)

Three experiments were performed to adapt a synchronization protocol of estrus synchronization and ovulation to be used in fixed time artificial insemination programs (FTAI) in tropically adapted Bos taurus cows. In Exp. 1 (crossover) multiparous Curraleiro Pé-Duro cows (n= 12) received an intravaginal device containing 1g of P4 for 8 days and 2mg of EB at the time of device insertion (Day 0). On the P4 device removal (Day 8) females received 150g of D-cloprostenol Sodic and 300IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). Then, they were randomly divided to receive 1mg of EB on Day 8 (EB8) or on Day 9 (EB9). EB9 delayed ovulation approximately 15 hours (P<0.05). In Exp. 2, protocols using progesterone for eight (P4D8) or nine days (P4D9) were evaluated, resulting in similar parameters of folicular and luteal development (P>0.05). In Exp. 3, EB8 and P4D9 protocols were used to evaluate the pregnancy rate, reaching 23% (10/43) and 20% (9/45), respectively (P>0.05). Although P4D9 protocol has shown improvement in proportion of animals that responded to the protocol when compared to EB8 protocol, it was not able to improve pregnancy rate.(AU)

Cloprostenol administration in the first week postpartum reduces expression of oxytocin receptors in the endometrium in Holstein-Zebu cows / Administração de cloprostenol na primeira semana pós-parto pode reduzir a expressão de receptores de ocitocina no endométrio de vacas mestiças Holandês-Zebu

The present study investigated the hormonal profile and expression of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), oxytocin and estrogen receptors in uterine tissues of postpartum cows treated with cloprostenol. Twenty Holstein-Zebu crossbred cows were treated with saline solution (treatment CONT) or cloprostenol (treatment CLO), both administered two and five days postpartum. Blood samples were collected on days two, seven, 14, 21 and 28 postpartum for progesterone, PGF2α metabolite (PGFM) and estradiol determination, and endometrial biopsy was performed in order to quantify the expression of oxytocin receptor (OXTR), prostaglandin F receptor (PTGFR) and estrogen receptor 1 (ERS1) genes. In the CLO treatment, expression of OXTR was reduced (P<0.05) but no difference (P>0.05) between treatments was found for PTGFR and ERS1 expression. Estrogen concentrations increased progressively until day 14 (P<0.05) and the highest OXTR expression and lowest PTGFR expression were observed on day 14 (P<0.05) in both treatments. Serum PGFM concentrations were high throughout the experiment. In conclusion, cloprostenol administration at days two and five of postpartum seems to reduce OXTR expression in the endometrium in crossbred cows.(AU)

O presente estudo avaliou o perfil hormonal e a expressão gênica de receptores de prostaglandina F2α (PGF2α), ocitocina e estrógeno no endométrio de vacas pós-parto tratadas com cloprostenol. Vinte vacas mestiças Holandês-Zebu foram tratadas com solução salina (tratamento CONT, n = 10) ou cloprostenol (tratamento CLO, n = 10), ambos administrados dois e cinco dias após o parto. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas nos dias dois, sete, 14, 21 e 28 pós-parto para mensuração de progesterona, de metabólito de PGF2α (PGFM) e de estradiol, e foram obtidas biópsias endometriais para quantificar a expressão de PTGFR, OXTR e ESR1. No tratamento CLO, a expressão gênica de receptores de ocitocina foi menor (P<0,05). As concentrações de estrógeno aumentaram progressivamente até o dia 14 (P<0,05). A maior expressão de OXTR foi observada no dia 14 (P<0,05). A expressão de ESR1 foi semelhante entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). Os níveis de PGFM foram altos durante todo o estudo. Conclui-se que a administração de cloprostenol nos dias dois e cinco pós-parto parece diminuir a expressão de OXTR no endométrio em vacas mestiças.(AU)

First record of Crypticerya zeteki (Cockerell, 1914) (Monophlebidae) in Brazil and Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) (Pseudococcidae) in the state of Maranhão

Abstract Crypticerya zeteki (Cockerell, 1914) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Monophlebidae) is recorded for the first time from Brazil and Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) is recorded for the first time from the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Both species were collected from branches, leaves and fruits of various fruit trees in the municipalities of São José de Ribamar, São Luís and Paço do Lumiar, Maranhão, Brazil. Crypticerya zeteki was collected on Citrus spp. (Rutaceae), Cocos nucifera (L.) (Arecaceae), Cycas revoluta L. (Cycadaceae), Malpighia punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae), Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae), Musa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae) and Theobroma grandiflorum Schum (Malvaceae), all first records for this species. Maconellicoccus hirsutus was collected on Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae) and M. punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae), both new records for this species.

Resumo Crypticerya zeteki (Cockerell, 1914) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Monophlebidae) é registrada pela primeira vez no Brasil e Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) é registrada pela primeira vez para o estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Ambas as espécies foram coletadas em ramos, folhas e frutos de diferentes árvores frutíferas nos municípios de São José de Ribamar, São Luís e Paço do Lumiar, Maranhão, Brasil. Crypticerya zeteki foi coletada sobre Citrus spp. (Rutaceae), Cocos nucifera (L.) (Arecaceae), Cycas revoluta L. (Cycadaceae), Malpighia punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae), Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae), Musa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae) e Theobroma grandiflorum Schum (Malvaceae), todas registradas pela primeira vez para esta espécie. Maconellicoccus hirsutus foi coletado sobre Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae) e M. punicifolia, ambos novos registros para esta espécie.