ABSTRACT
Abstract Solanum paniculatum L., Solanaceae, locally known as "jurubeba", is widely used in Brazil for culinary purposes, and in folk medicine to treat of diverse disorder including gastric dysfunctions. In this study we investigated the antidiarrheal activity of S. paniculatum roots extract in rats at different concentrations (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o) using different experimental models such as castor oil-induced diarrhea, enteropooling and gastrointestinal motility, determined by in vivo experimental models. The major compound of root extract was characterized as chlorogenic acid based in the IR, 1D and 2D NMR analysis. All the extract doses achieved antidiarrheal potency, as indicated by reduced weight of feces in castor oil-induced diarrhea, decreased intestinal motility and significantly inhibited castor oil-induced enteropooling compared to the vehicle group. The highest dose (500 mg/kg) produced greater anti-motility effect and better reduction of enteropooling, similar to the reference drug Loperamide (5 mg/kg). Extract from S. paniculatum L. roots had antidiarrheal activity, as shown by the lower weight of the feces as well as decrease in the accumulation of intestinal fluid and slower transit, justifying the traditional use of plant for diarrhea.
ABSTRACT
The composition of the essential oil from the leaves of Piper marginatum (Piperaceae) shows circadian variation and a higher yield during high solar incidence. The essential oils samples were investigated by GC-FID and GC-MS, which allowed identification of 29 compounds. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) showed a significant quantitative variability in the chemical composition of the studied samples as well as a correlation between the oil profiles and the collection time. Two main groups were observed, with predominance of phenylpropanoids or sesquiterpenes. The predominant chemical compounds were phenylpropanoids, having as main representative (Z)-asarone and (E)-asarone.
La composición del aceite esencial de hojas de Piper marginatum (Piperaceae) muestra una variación circadiana y un mayor rendimiento durante la mayor incidencia solar. Las muestras de aceites esenciales se investigaron por GC-FID y GC-MS, lo que permitió la identificación de 29 compuestos. El análisis de componentes principales y el análisis de conglomerados mostraron una variación cuantitativa significativa en la composición química de las muestras estudiadas, así como una correlación entre los perfiles del aceite esencial y el tiempo de recolección. Se observaron dos grupos principales, con predominio de fenilpropanoides o sesquiterpenos. Los compuestos predominantes fueron los fenilpropanoides, (Z)-asarona y (E)-asarona.
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Circadian Rhythm , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Piperaceae/chemistry , Anisoles , Cluster Analysis , Chromatography, Gas/methods , Principal Component Analysis , SesquiterpenesABSTRACT
Piperaceae species have been placed among the basal angiosperm and are adapted to a variety of habitats including moist forests, secondary vegetation and dry high lands. The major anatomical/morphology features are of small trees, vines, and shrubs for Piper species, while the epiphytic and succulent characteristics are predominant forms among Peperomia species. Their secondary chemistry can be mostly represented by amides, phenylpropanoids/lignoids, and chromenes in addition to a phletoria of biosynthetically mixed-origin secondary compounds. Although several amides and lignans are known as insecticides, several phytophagous insects, among which some considered pests of economic importance, have been observed feeding vigorously on Piperaceae species. Herein we describe the feeding preferences of fourteen phytophagous species of Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hemiptera over approximately fifty Piperaceae species observed in São Paulo, SP, Brazil, in a long-term basis.
As espécies de Piperaceae têm sido posicionadas entre as angiospermas basais e são frequentemente encontradas em habitats diversificados que incluem matas ciliares, vegetação secundária e campos rupestres. As espécies de Piper possuem hábitos de plantas herbáceas, arboretos e trepadeiras enquanto que, no caso de Peperomia, é freqüente o hábito de epífitas e suculentas. As classes de metabólitos secundários que caracterizam espécies de Piperaceae são amidas, fenilpropanóides/lignóides e cromenos, além de diversos outros de origem biossintética mista de menor representatividade. Apesar de muitos desses possuírem atividades inseticidas, diversos insetos fitófagos, alguns considerados pragas de importância econômica, foram observados alimentando-se de espécies de Piperaceae. Neste trabalho são relatadas as preferências alimentares de quatorze espécies fitófagas de Coleoptera, Lepidoptera e Hemiptera sobre aproximadamente cinqüenta espécies de Piperaceae observadas em São Paulo, SP, Brasil, durante um período de quatro anos.