Guía para el control observacional de la táctica grupal ofensiva en el fútbol

Los modelos de control observacional son utilizados para realizar estudios de contrarios, le permiten al estratega táctico detectar y planificar un grupo de acciones según las debilidades y fortalezas de los contrarios. El objetivo de esta investigación fue confeccionar una guía para el control observacional sobre la táctica grupal ofensiva en el fútbol para analistas y entrenadores de este deporte. Se utilizaron métodos como el vivencial experiencial, la observación, la revisión documental y los talleres de opinión crítica reflexiva. Se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico discrecional donde los argumentos se elaboraron por 20 miembros del Grupo Internacional para la Preparación, Rehabilitación, Recreación e Investigación y Superación en las disciplinas del Fútbol; estos profesores analistas y entrenadores de fútbol pertenecen a las Universidades de Camagüey y Las Tunas. Se confeccionaron dos guías de observación a los juegos y otra para el entrenamiento de fútbol, ambos en función del control observacional de la táctica grupal ofensiva. Se constató la aplicación de las guías observacionales elaboradas que permiten conocer la profundidad con que los futbolistas logran formar y exteriorizar los hábitos tácticos durante el juego.

Os modelos de controle observacional são utilizados para realizar estudos de oponentes, permitem ao estrategista tático detectar e planejar um grupo de ações de acordo com os pontos fracos e fortes dos oponentes. O objetivo desta pesquisa era criar um guia para o controle observacional de táticas de grupo ofensivas no futebol para analistas e treinadores de futebol. Foram utilizados métodos como experiência experiencial, observação, revisão documental e oficinas de opinião crítica reflexiva. Foi utilizada uma amostragem discricionária não-probabilística onde os argumentos foram elaborados por 20 membros do Grupo Internacional de Preparação, Reabilitação, Recreação e Pesquisa e Melhoria nas disciplinas de futebol; estes professores e treinadores analistas de futebol pertencem às Universidades de Camagüey e Las Tunas. Dois guias de observação foram preparados para os jogos e outro para o treinamento de futebol, ambos em termos do controle observacional de táticas de grupo ofensivas. A aplicação dos guias de observação elaborados foi confirmada, o que nos permite conhecer a profundidade com que os jogadores de futebol conseguem formar e exteriorizar os hábitos táticos durante o jogo.

Observational control models are used to carry out studies of opponents, allowing the tactical strategist to detect and plan a group of actions according to the weaknesses and strengths of the opponents. The objective of this research was to make a guide for observational control on offensive group tactics in soccer for analysts and coaches of this sport. Methods such as experiential experience, observation, documentary review and reflective critical opinion workshops were used. A non-probabilistic discretional sampling was used where the arguments were elaborated by 20 members of the International Group for the Preparation, Rehabilitation, Recreation and Research and Improvement in Soccer disciplines; these professors, analysts and soccer coaches belong to the Universities of Camagüey and Las Tunas. Two observation guides were made for the games and another one for the soccer training, both in function of the observational control of the offensive group tactics. It was verified the application of the elaborated observational guides that allow knowing the depth with which the soccer players manage to form and externalize the tactical habits during the game.

Melanoma del cuerpo ciliar en un adulto joven: reporte de caso / Ciliary body melanoma in a young adult: a case report

Resumen Reporte de un caso: Femenino de 29 años de edad sin comorbilidades, con baja visual progresiva en ojo derecho de 1 mes de evolución. A la exploración oftalmológica agudeza visual de ese ojo en 20/80, conjuntiva bulbar superior con vaso centinela, masa retroiridiana color naranja vascularizada que subluxa el cristalino hacia inferior. Por ultrabiomicroscopía se evidencia una masa en domo dependiente del cuerpo ciliar de 4.87x5.74mm con reflectividad interna media y regular. Se realiza primeramente BAAF reportando melanoma, después se hace enucleación con resultado histopatológico de melanoma amelanótico. Posterior, se realiza implante de prótesis cosmética y se encuentra en seguimiento por oncología sin presentar datos de actividad tumoral después de 4 años. Discusión: Los melanomas uveales son la causa más común de tumores malignos intraoculares primarios en adultos, localizados principalmente en coroides (90%), siendo extremadamente rara su aparición en el cuerpo ciliar (6%) e iris (4%). El abordaje de un tumor del cuerpo ciliar debe incluir una anamnesis y exploración física completa con estudios paraclínicos adecuados para poder discernir entre los diagnósticos diferenciales. El ultrasonido ocular es el estudio auxiliar más importante ya que brinda características típicas propias del tumor. El tratamiento continúa basado en el COMS con un pronóstico sombrío. Los factores de mal pronóstico son presencia de metástasis, tamaño del tumor, extensión extraocular y estirpe epitelioide. Limitaciones: No se contaban con todas las alternativas de tratamiento. Originalidad: Caso inusual en pacientes jóvenes y por su sitio.

Abstract: Case report: 29-year-old female with no comorbidities, with progressive vision loss in the right eye of 1 month's evolution. On ophthalmological examination, visual acuity was 20/80, superior bulbar conjunctiva with sentinel vessel, vascularised orange retroiridian mass generating a lens subluxation inferiorly. Ultrabiomicroscopy revealed a dome-shaped mass dependent on the ciliary body measuring 4.87x5.74mm with medium and regular internal reflectivity. A FNA was done and melanoma was reported, then enucleation was performed with histopathological findings of amelanotic melanoma. Subsequently, a cosmetic prosthesis was implanted and the patient has been followed up by oncology with no evidence of tumour activity after 4 years. Discussion: Uveal melanomas are the most common cause of primary intraocular malignant tumours in adults, mainly located in the choroid (90%), being extremely rare in the ciliary body (6%) and iris (4%). The approach to a ciliary body tumour should include a complete anamnesis and physical examination with appropriate paraclinical studies to be able to discern between differential diagnoses. Ocular ultrasound is the most important ancillary study as it provides typical features of the tumour. Treatment is still based on COMS and the prognosis remains poor. Poor prognostic factors are the presence of metastases, tumour size, extraocular extension and epithelioid lineage. Limitations: Not all treatment alternatives were available. Originality: Unusual case in young patients and because of its site.

First characterization of K. pneumoniae ST11 clinical isolates harboring blaKPC-3 in Latin America / Primera caracterización de aislamientos clínicos de K. pneumoniae ST11 portadoresde blaKPC-3en América Latina

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance due to carbapenemase production in Enterobacteriaceaeclinical isolates is a global threat. Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring the blaKPCgene is one ofthe major concerns in hospital settings in Latin America.The aim of this study was to characterize the antibiotic resistance mechanisms and to typifyfour carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae clinical isolates from the city of Manizales, Colombia.We identified blaKPC-3in all four isolates by polymerase chain reaction and subsequentsequencing. The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes qnrB19-like and aac(6)Ib-cr;fosfomycin resistance gene fosA and an insertion sequence IS5-like in mgrB (colistin resistance)were also detected. Sequence types ST11 with capsular type wzi75, and ST258 with wzi154,were characterized. The blaKPC-3gene was mobilized in a 100-kb IncFIB conjugative plasmidwith vagCD toxin-antitoxin system.This work reports multiple resistance genes in blaKPC-producing K. pneumoniae and the firstoccurrence of ST11 clinical isolates harboring blaKPC-3in Latin America.

Resumen La resistencia a antibióticos mediada por la producción de carbapenemasas en aislamientos clínicos de Enterobacteriaceae es una amenaza mundial. Klebsiella pneumoniae portador de blaKPC es uno de los mayores problemas a nivel hospitalario en Latinoamérica. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar los mecanismos de resistencia antibiótica y tipificar cuatro aislamientos clínicos de K. pneumoniae resistentes a carbapenems obtenidos en la ciudad de Manizales, Colombia. Se identificó blaKPC-3 en todos los aislamientos mediante reacción en cadena de polimerasa y secuenciación. También se detectaron los genes de resistencia transferible a quinolonas qnrB19-like y aac(6')Ib-cr y a fosfomicina fosA, y la secuencia de inserción /S5-like en mgrB (asociada a la resistencia a colistina). Se caracterizaron los secuenciotipos ST11 (cápsula wzi75) y ST258 (cápsula wzi154). Se comprobó que blaKPC-3 fue movilizado por un plásmido conjugativo IncFIB-vagCD de 100kb. En este trabajo se reportan múltiples genes de resistencia en K. pneumoniae productor de blaKPC y se describen por primera vez aislamientos clínicos ST11 productores de blaKPC-3 en Latinoamérica.

Cannabis medicinal como recurso terapéutico: estudio preliminar / Medical cannabis as a therapeutic resource: preliminary study / Cannabis medicinal como recurso terapêutico: estudo preliminar

Introducción: los productos de Cannabis sativa L poseen una eficacia terapéutica conocida desde la Antigüedad, aunque su tipificación farmacológica data de mediados del siglo XX. Recientemente se regularizó su uso en Uruguay. Objetivo: analizar una experiencia clínico terapéutica preliminar con cannabis medicinal (CM) con alto contenido en cannabidiol (CBD). Método: estudio epidemiológico observacional y retrospectivo de una cohorte de 355 pacientes que concurrieron a consultar espontáneamente sobre CM en una clínica privada entre agosto de 2016 y diciembre de 2017. Durante la primera entrevista se recogieron datos demográficos, historia clínica, farmacológica, expectativas y experiencia previa con cannabis. Se indicó mayoritariamente cannabis con alto contenido en CBD (5,25% de CBD y 0,2% de tetrahidrocannabinol (THC)). En consultas siguientes, se investigó el acceso al CM y se valoró su respuesta y efectos adversos mediante escalas analógicas. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: en la cohorte estudiada predominaron mujeres con edad promedio de 67 años, de nivel educativo terciario. Las patologías de consulta fueron neurológicas (38%), enfermedades reumáticas o artro-degenerativas (37%), neoplasias (13%), psiquiátricas (4%) y misceláneas (8%). La mayoría de estos casos (60,6%) refirió mejoría de sus síntomas y solo 16,3% de la población estudiada presentó efectos adversos de grado leve. Los altos costos y la gestión dificultosa para conseguir el CM fueron causas para no iniciar o abandonar el tratamiento. Conclusiones: nuestro estudio preliminar refleja una respuesta terapéutica positiva y sin efectos adversos significativos al CM con alto contenido de CBD. El 60,6% de los pacientes tratados refirió mejoría de sus síntomas. Los factores decisivos para un tratamiento exitoso orientan a facilitar el acceso al CM, mejorando la gestión para su obtención y disminuyendo los costos para una mayor accesibilidad.

Introduction: Cannabis Sativa L. products are known to be therapeutically effective since ancient times, despite its pharmacological typification was made in the mid-20th century. Its use was recently regulated in Uruguay. Objective: to analyse a preliminary clinical-therapeutic experience with MC with high content of cannabidiol (CBD). Method: epidemiological, observational and retrospective study of a 355 patient cohort who spontaneously consulted to learn about CM at a private clinic, between August 2016 and December 2017. Demographic data, medical records, expectation and previous experience with cannabis were collected in the first interview. In most cases, cannabis with high content of CBD was prescribed (5,25 % CBD and 0,2% THC). In subsequent consultations, access to access to MC was invesrtigated and both response to it and adverse effects were studied by means of analogue scales. The study used descriptive statistics. Results: in the cohort studied, women with an average age of 67 years old and university studies prevailed. The following conditions motivated consultations: neurological (38%), rheumatic or bone degenerative diseases (37%), neoplasms (13%), psychiatric diseases (4%) and miscelánea (8%). In most cases (60,6%) patients stated symptoms improved and only 16,3% of the populaiton studied presented mild adverse effects. High costs and difficulties in accessing MC were the reasons for not starting or abandoning treatment. Conclusions: our preliminary study reflects the positive therapeutic response and non significant adverse effects to MC with high content of CBD. 60,6% of patients treated referred improvement in their symptoms. Decisive factors for a successful treatment point at the need to make access to MC easier by improving management to obtain it and reducing costs for a greater accessibility.

Introdução: A eficácia terapêutica dos produtos de Cannabis Sativa L. é conhecida desde a antiguidade, embora sua tipificação farmacológica tenha sido feita a meados do século XX. Seu uso no Uruguai foi regularizado recentemente. Objetivo: Analisar uma experiencia clínico-tera-pêutica preliminar com CM com alto teor de Cannabidiol (CBD). Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico observacional e retrospectivo de uma coorte de 355 pacientes que consultaram espontaneamente sobre CM em uma clínica privada no período agosto de 2016 - dezembro de 2017. Durante a primeira entrevista foram coletados dados demográficos, clínicos, farmacológicos, expectativas e experiencia previa com cannabis. Na maioria dos casos indicou-se cannabis com alto teor em CBD (5,25 % de CBD e 0,2 % de THC). Nas consultas seguintes, coletou-se informação sobre o acesso a CM e realizou-se uma avaliação da resposta e dos efeitos adversos utilizando escalas analógicas. Foram utilizados métodos de estadística descritiva. Resultados: Na coorte estudada predominaram mulheres com idade média de 67 anos, de nível educativo terciário. As razõoes de consulta foram patologias neurológicas (38%), enfermidades reumáticas ou artro-degenerativas (37%), neoplasias (13%), doenças psiquiátricas (4%) e outras (8%). A maioria dos casos (60.6 %) informou melhoria dos sintomas e somente 16.3 % da população estudada apresentou efeitos adversos leves. As causas para não iniciar ou abandonar o tratamento foram os altos custos e as dificuldades para a obtenção da CM. Conclusões: Este estudo preliminar mostra uma resposta terapêutica positiva e sem efeitos adversos significativos ao CM com alto teor de CBD. 60.6% dos pacientes tratados informou melhoria de sintomas. Os fatores decisivos para um tratamento exitoso mostram a necessidade de facilitar o acesso a CM melhorando a gestão para sua obtenção e diminuindo os custos para aumentar o acesso.

Retinopatía por puntero láser: presentación de dos casos / Handheld laser maculopathy: two case reports

El uso indebido de los punteros láser, especialmente el recreativo en los niños, puede causar lesiones retinianas que amenazan la visión. El daño retiniano que producen no está bien caracterizado, debido a que la mayoría de las publicaciones son casos aislados o series pequeñas. El tratamiento y el pronóstico visual es variable según la morfología del daño macular que presenten. En algunos casos, no existe tratamiento, y pueden evolucionar a la curación espontánea; sin embargo, otros precisan cirugía. En una serie de 13 casos, uno requirió cirugía, mientras que el resto necesitó solo observación. De estos 13 casos, 3 pacientes se curaron en forma espontánea, con agudeza visual de 10/10.Se describen dos pacientes de 16 y 12 años con disminución de agudeza visual tras el uso indebido de punteros láser. En el fondo de ojo, presentaron alteraciones maculares. La agudeza visual de ambos se recuperó completamente sin tratamiento.

The improper use of laser pointers, especially for recreational use in children, may cause sight-threatening retinal injuries. The retinal damage it is not well characterized because most publications are isolated cases or small series.The treatment and visual prognosis are variable according to the morphology of the macular damage. In some cases, there is no treatment, and spontaneous healing can be developed; however, others require surgery. In a series of 13 cases, 1 required surgery and the rest observation; 3 patients obtained a spontaneous healing with visual acuity of 10/10.We describe two patients aged 16 and 12 years with decreased visual acuity. Macular alterations appear in the fundus of the eye. The visual acuity of both recovered completely without treatment

Characterization of Polyphenols and Mineral Contents in Three Medicinal Weeds

Aims: Common weeds Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser, Euphorbia rothiana Spreng. and Schoenoplectiella articulata (L.) Lye are used for food, medicinal, green biofertilizer and biosorbent applications. In this work, their polyphenol and mineral contents have been characterized. Methodology: Samples from aforementioned three plants were manually collected in Raipur city (CG, India) and processed for the analyses. Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride were used for the spectrophotometric determination of polyphenols. The mineral contents were quantified by X-ray fluorescence. Results: The total concentration of 20 elements (viz. P, S, Cl, As, Se, K, Rb, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, Mo and Pb), total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in the leaves ranged from 46372 to 71501, from 47877 to 73791 and from 1950 to 9400 mg/kg, respectively. Remarkable concentrations of several nutrients (P, S, Cl, K, Mg, Ca and Fe) were observed. Conclusion: The biomass from medicinal weeds R. palustris, E. rothiana and S. articulata featured very high K, Ca and Fe contents. Other nutrients (polyphenols, flavonoids, P, S, Cl and Mg) were identified at moderate levels. These species may hold promise as bioindicators.

Phenolic and Mineral Characteristics of Seed Coats and Kernels from 24 Species from Raipur Area, India

Aims: The objective of the present work is the investigation of the physicochemical characteristics of seed coats and kernels from 24 species with medicinal and food applications. Methodology: Seeds from 24 species (2 herbs, 11 vines and 11 trees), belonging to 13 families, were sampled in Raipur (India) in 2017. The collected seeds were dried and weighed, after which seed coats were manually peeled and separately weighed. Phenolic and mineral contents in the seed coats and kernels were analyzed by spectrophotometric and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques, respectively. Results: The seed coat fraction represented from 12% to 95% of the seed mass, depending on the species. The concentrations of total polyphenols, flavonoids and minerals in the seed coats varied from 1800 to 32300 mg/kg, from 1200 to 26900 mg/kg, and from 5876 to 36499 mg/kg, respectively. In the seed kernels, TPh, Fla and minerals ranged from 780 to 31760 mg/kg, from 300 to 12020 mg/kg, and from 12595 to 40810 mg/kg, respectively. P, S, K, Mg, Ca and Fe were found to be the main macro- and micro-elements. Seed coats from Loganiaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Lauraceae and Rutaceae families featured the highest total polyphenol contents, and those from Lauraceae and Rutaceae families showed the highest flavonoid concentrations. The highest total mineral contents corresponded to seed coats from Lauraceae, Rutaceae and Euphorbiaceae families. Conclusion: Indian-laurel and curry tree stand out as promising phytochemical and nutrient sources.

Nutritional, Spectral and Thermal Characteristic of Lamiaceae Seeds

Aims: Species of the family Lamiaceae possess a rich tradition of use for flavoring and medicinal purposes. This paper focusses on the nutritional and thermal characteristics of the seeds from eight species belonging to this family: Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex Sm., Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit., Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br., Ocimum americanum L., Ocimum sanctum L. (Rama Tulsi), Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (Krishna Tulsi), Origanum vulgare L. and Tectona grandis L.f. Methodology: The oil, starch, total polyphenol, flavonoid and mineral contents for aforementioned seeds were determined. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to assess the phytoconstituents. Thermogravimetric/derivative thermogravimetric analyses (TG/DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses were performed to analyze the decomposition patterns. Results: The concentrations of oil, starch, total polyphenol, flavonoids and minerals for the seeds from the eight plants under study ranged from 11.8 to 50.4%, from 0.22 to 1.84%, from 295 to 5842 mg/kg, from 1660 to 12680 mg/kg and from 11756 to 33927 mg/kg, respectively. Unsaturated oils, polyphenols and lignin were recognized by vibrational spectroscopy. The sequence of thermal effects in the seed pyrolysis process above 100°C have been put in relation to seed protein crystallization (endotherm at 200°C), oxidation reactions and degradation of hemicellulose and other fiber components (at around 300°C), and decomposition of polyunsaturated (at 357°C) and mono-unsaturated (at 391°C) triglycerides. Conclusion: Lamiaceae seeds are potential food alternatives to cereals.

Chemical Composition of Abrus precatorius L. Seeds

Aims: A. precatorius seed powder is traditionally used in Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani medicine. The objective of present work is to describe the oil, starch, protein, polyphenol and mineral composition of A. precatorius seeds. Methodology: Legumes from A. precatorius were collected, and seeds were manually separated. Dried seeds in powder form were employed for the various analyses: solvent extraction was used for elucidation of the oil percentage value; starch content was determined by the enzymatic method; total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were spectrophotometrically analyzed using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride as the color developing reagents, respectively; and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was used for the mineral contents assessment. Results: The seed kernel consisted of stored oil (3.2%), protein (92.0%) and starch (4.8%). The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 24710 and 2520 mg/kg (dw). A remarkably high content of polyphenols was observed in the seed coat and the seed pod. P, S and (mainly) K nutrients were hyper-accumulated in the seed kernel. The seeds showed a glass transition at -21°C, two endothermic peaks at 109°C (dehydration and protein unfolding) and at 209°C, and a calorific value (~406 kcal/100 g dw) that exceeded those of Pisum sativum L., Lens culinaris Medik. and other common pulses. Conclusions: The seed kernel from A. precatorius was mainly composed of stored protein, with low oil and starch contents. High contents of polyphenols, K, Mg, Ca and Fe were found in the seeds. Heavy metals were below the safety limits established for human consumption.

Chemical Composition of Caesalpinioideae Seeds

Aims: Caesalpinioideae species have great medicinal and food values. In this work, six Caesalpinioideae species that grow abundantly in central India were selected for chemical investigation: Delonix regia, Entada gigas, Leucaena leucocephala, Mimosa pudica, Parkia javanica and Senna siamea. The objective of the present work is to describe the phytochemical and mineral composition and the bioaccumulation potentialities of the seeds from aforementioned species. Methodology: Spectrophotometric, enzymatic and X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometric techniques were used for the quantification of polyphenols, starch and mineral contents, respectively. Results: The sum of the total concentrations of 17 macro- and micronutrients (P, S, Cl, K, Rb, Mg, Ca, Sr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo and Pb), oil, protein and total starch in the six seeds were in the 20253-78489 mg/kg, 3.1-30.1%, 52.9-91.5% and 5.4–41.0% range, respectively. The highest concentrations of Fe, oil and phenolics were observed in M. pudica seeds. Both thermal and spectral characteristics allowed to differentiate M. pudica and P. javanica seeds (with the highest caloric contents) from the seeds from the other species. Conclusion: The selected Caesalpinioideae seeds are potential sources of the nutrients (i.e., P, S, K, Mg, Ca and Fe) and polyphenols, which are needed for biological metabolism and human health. The presence of heavy metals was well below safety limits, enabling their medicinal uses.

Evaluation of the Phytochemical and Mineral Characteristics of Some Selected Sapotaceae Plants

Aims: To study the spectral and thermal characteristics, and the oil, starch, polyphenol and mineral contents of seeds and leaves from three Sapotaceae species, provided that trees and shrubs of this family are an important source of nutritional and functional products. Methodology: Leaves and seeds from three Sapotaceae plants, namely Moa tree (Madhuca indica J. F. Gmel.), Chico sapote (Manilkara zapota (Linn.) van Royen) and Spanish cherry (Mimusops elengi Linn.), were collected in the Raipur area of Chhattisgarh, India. Their physicochemical characterization (including oil, polyphenol, starch and mineral contents; functional groups; and thermal degradation patterns) was carried out by using various techniques, viz. solvent extraction, spectrophotometry, enzymatic digestion, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, thermogravimetric/derivative thermogravimetric (TG/DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. Results: The three Sapotaceae seeds under study were found to contain polyphenol, mineral, starch and oil contents in the 1850–23180 mg/kg, 11390–19385 mg/kg, 6.7–9.1% and 9.8-54.1% range, respectively. Their leaves and seed coats featured total phenolic contents in the 24260–28600 mg/kg and 7810–23060 mg/kg range, respectively, and mineral contents in the 8823–27462 mg/kg and 3619–15884 mg/kg range, respectively. The functional groups of the phytochemicals, studied by FTIR, were assigned. Their thermal decomposition patterns, which involved loss of water and volatile organic compounds, proteins, oil and starch/cellulose, were also described. Conclusion: The Sapotaceae leaves, seed coat, kernel and cake are enriched with very high contents of starch, proteins, polyphenols and minerals, suggesting their possible valorization in human food, animal feeding and as herbal medicines.

Nutritional and Spectral Characteristics of Terminalia Plants

Aims: Terminalia spp. is medicinal plants that belong to Combretaceae family, widely used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine. In this work, the nutritional constituents of the leaves, seed kernel and seed coat from four Terminalia species (T. arjuna, T. bellirica, T. catappa and T. chebula) are reported. Methodology: Polyphenol and flavonoid contents were analyzed spectrophotometrically by using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride as reagents, respectively; mineral contents were quantified by using X-ray fluorescence; and the functional groups of the phytochemicals were investigated by infrared spectroscopy. Results: The total concentration of 20 macro- and micronutrients and heavy metals (viz. P, S, Cl, K, Rb, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo, As and Pb), and the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in the seed kernels ranged from 1754 to 65521 mg/kg, from 2150 to 51100 mg/kg and from 63 to 42300 mg/kg, respectively. Polyphenol and mineral contents for the Terminalia spp. seed coats and leaves were also determined. The enrichment in each of aforementioned elements with respect to the soil content was calculated. The vibrational spectra of the leaves and seed coats agreed with a composition rich in lignin, hemicellulose, cutin, pectin and flavonoids, while those of the seed kernels were in accordance with the presence of unsaturated oils, protein, and fiber. Conclusion: Various parts of the four Terminalia species under study (T. arjuna, T. bellirica, T. catappa and T. chebula) featured high contents of nutrients and polyphenols needed for biological metabolism and human health. In addition, heavy metals were only present at traces level, indicating that these Terminalia plants would be safe for medicinal uses.

Carcinoma de glándulas sebáceas del párpado / Sebaceous gland carcinoma of the eyelid

Los principales tumores malignos que afectan los párpados en orden de frecuencia son el carcinoma basocelular, el carcinoma de glándulas sebáceas, el carcinoma de células escamosas y el melanoma maligno. El carcinoma de glándulas sebáceas es una neoplasia originada en las glándulas sebáceas con predilección por cabeza y cuello, especialmente por las glándulas de Meibomio, aunque también puede afectar a las glándulas de Zeiss o ambas y su sitio de mayor presentación es en el párpado superior. Se presenta un paciente masculino de 46 años de edad quien presenta lesión pediculada y vascularizada en párpado inferior izquierdo posterior al drenaje de un supuesto chalazión. Se realiza rasurado de la lesión y recidiva por segunda ocasión. El carcinoma de células sebáceas se maneja con resección amplia y reconstrucción con técnica de Hughes(AU)

The main malignant tumors affecting the eyelids in an order of frequency are basal cell carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. Sebaceous gland carcinoma is a neoplasm originating in sebaceous glands predominantly from the head and neck, particularly meibomian glands, though it may also affect the glands of Zeis or both, and its most common site of presentation is the upper eyelid. A 46-year-old male patient presents with a pediculated vascularized lesion on his lower left eyelid after drainage of a supposed chalazion. The lesion was shaved off and reoccurred a second time. Sebaceous cell carcinoma is managed with broad resection and reconstruction by Hughes' technique(AU)

Follow up of a robust meta-signature to identify Zika virus infection in Aedes aegypti: another brick in the wall

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the main vector of several arthropod-borne diseases that have global impacts. In a previous meta-analysis, our group identified a vector gene set containing 110 genes strongly associated with infections of dengue, West Nile and yellow fever viruses. Of these 110 genes, four genes allowed a highly accurate classification of infected status. More recently, a new study of Ae. aegypti infected with Zika virus (ZIKV) was published, providing new data to investigate whether this "infection" gene set is also altered during a ZIKV infection. Our hypothesis is that the infection-associated signature may also serve as a proxy to classify the ZIKV infection in the vector. Raw data associated with the NCBI/BioProject were downloaded and re-analysed. A total of 18 paired-end replicates corresponding to three ZIKV-infected samples and three controls were included in this study. The nMDS technique with a logistic regression was used to obtain the probabilities of belonging to a given class. Thus, to compare both gene sets, we used the area under the curve and performed a comparison using the bootstrap method. Our meta-signature was able to separate the infected mosquitoes from the controls with good predictive power to classify the Zika-infected mosquitoes.

Performance of Soybean Seedlings Upon Nutrient Application by Seed Coating

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different seed coatings consisting of various combinations of three nutrients (calcium, magnesium and silicon) on two soybean cultivars (BRS 243 RR and CD 233 RR). Dolomitic limestone and aluminum silicate were chosen as the nutrient sources. Leaf area, plant height, shoots dry matter, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate were the studied variables, evincing that the seed coating that comprised calcium, magnesium and silicon led to better performance in terms of growth rates 30 days after emergence. Significant differences in the response to the seed coatings were also observed between the two studied soybean genotypes.

Reemplazo total primario de rodilla asistido por navegador: serie de casos / Primary knee arthroplasty assisted by a computational navigation system: case series

Introducción: el reemplazo total de rodilla es cada vez más frecuente. El éxito de esta cirugía se basa en el diseño del implante, en la alineación y en la orientación de los componentes. Existe una relación directa entre el fallo temprano y el error de alineación. Actualmente con el uso de la navegación asistida por computador se podrían asegurar mejores resultados al precisar la posición de los componentes. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la alineación y orientación de los componentes obtenidas luego de reemplazo total de rodilla primario asistido por navegador. Materiales y métodos: se diseñó un estudio prospectivo de 112 pacientes (123 rodillas) con diagnóstico de osteoartrosis tricompartimental. Se realizó reemplazo total de rodilla primario asistido por navegación y se evaluó clínica y radiológicamente la alineación de los componentes. Resultados: la escala funcional KS (Knee Society Score) fue de 26 puntos en el preoperatorio y de 90 en el posquirúrgico. Se encontró un valgo promedio de 2,8 grados. Los resultados radiológicos fueron excelentes en todos los casos. Discusión: el reemplazo de rodilla primario con navegación asistida por computador es eficaz para obtener una alineación y orientación adecuadas de los componentes y reduce el promedio de desviación valgo/varo del eje anatómico del miembro.

Comitês de ética em pesquisa no Brasil / Committees of ethics in research in Brazil

Os Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa (CEPs) se apresentam como ferramentas essenciais na busca pela eticidade nas pesquisas clínicas. A obrigatoriedade da submissão de projetos que envolvem seres humanos a um CEP foi somente instituída com a Resolução 196/96, de 1996, considerada um grande avanço na questão da ética em pesquisa no Brasil. O presente estudo teve como objetivo, através de um levantamento bibliográfico, analisar a implementação dos Comitês de Ética no Brasil, com ênfase no estado da Bahia. Verificou-se um aumento no número de Comitês de Ética, o que indica uma busca de adequação às novas diretrizes apresentadas pelo Conselho Nacional de Saúde, tanto por parte das instituições como dos pesquisadores. Observa-se, entretanto, que a distribuição desses Comitês é desigual, com maior concentração nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do país.

Reconstrucción del ligamento colateral externo de la rodilla con mínimas incisiones: descripción de la técnica / Reconstruction of the lateral collateral ligament of the knee with minimal incisions: description of technique

El ligamento colateral externo de la rodilla es el estabilizador primario contra las fuerzas de estrés en varo de la rodilla. Las deficiencias de éste, ó de la esquina posterolateral de la rodilla ocasionan incremento en las fuerzas que actúan sobre el ligamento cruzado anterior durante la rotación interna de la rodilla e incrementan las fuerzas sobre el cruzado posterior durante la rotación externa. Las lesiones no diagnósticadas en combinación con lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) o ligamento cruzado posterior (LCP) pueden llevar a falla en la reconstrucción del LCA o LCP. El propósito de esta descripción de técnica quirúrgica es presentar una novedosa técnica de reconstrucción del ligamento colateral externo de la rodilla para el tratamiento de pacientes con estas lesiones, con mínimas incisiones. Esta técnica requiere el uso de un tomillo de interferencia y auto injerto semitendinoso para reconstruir el ligamento colateral lateral.

Ruptura del tendón rotuliano secundaria a tendolipomatosis: reparación con variante de técnica quirúrgica: reporte de un caso / Rupture of the tendon secondary to rotuliano tendolipomatosis: repair option of surgical technique: a case report

Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 30 años con un cuadro de ruptura del tendón patelar secundaria a trauma deportivo (Fútbol), con antecedente de toma de injerto del mismo tendón para reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior. El reporte histopatológico del tejido obtenido de los restos del tendón reveló tendolipomatosis del mismo. Resaltamos lo inusual de la patología y la técnica quirúrgica empleada para su reparación.

Manejo endoscópico de Bursitis trocantérica crónica calcificada: reporte de un caso / Endoscopic treatment of chronic calcified trocantérica Bursitis: a case report

Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 60 años con un cuadro de un año de evolución de dolor de cadera derecha secundario a trauma por caída de propia altura, inicialmente manejado de forma conservadora sin mejoría de sintomatología, con evidencia radiográfica de calcificación en el área de la bursa trocantérica, quien fue sometido a bursoscopía y bursectomía endoscópica. Describimos los síntomas, hallazgos clínicos, técnica quirúrgica y resultados.