ABSTRACT
Background: Atypical organisms are a common causative agent of pneumonia in children more than 3 years of age. Though atypical pathogens are said to cause relatively milder form of pneumonia severe manifestations can also occur.' Very few studies are available on the prevalence of atypical pneumonia in children less than 3 years. Hence in this study the prevalence of atypical organisms in pneumonia was identified by using serum Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in children between 1 month to 3 years of age with clinical diagnosis of pneumonia admitted in wards and PICU in KIMS hospital. Authors excluded Immuno compromised children. Detailed history and clinical examination was done. Investigations - complete hemogram, Chest X-ray, blood Culture and sensitivity and serum PCR was done for a sample size of 50 children.Results: Among the three atypical organisms, Legionella pneumoniae was identified in 4% (2/50) cases by serum PCR.Conclusions: In this study it was found that the prevalence of 4%. Legionella pneumonia can be fatal in 10% of cases. Hence atypical pathogens like Legionella should be kept in mind even in children less than 3 years when pneumonia is not responding to beta lactam antibiotics, in such cases macrolides to be considered.
ABSTRACT
Background: Anemia is the most common nutritional deficiency disorder in the world. Maternal anemia has become one of the major health concerns worldwide. It is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes such as increased rates of maternal and perinatal mortality, premature delivery, low birth weight and certain anomalies. This study was done to find out the correlation between maternal hemoglobin and birth weight and gestational age of newborn at birth.Methods: This is an observational clinical study, which' included 1501 pregnant mother and their newborn babies. All singleton live born babies born were examined. The pregnant women's lowest recorded hemoglobin measurement during pregnancy is correlated with outcomes of neonatal gestational age and birth weight.Results: Majority of the mothers belonged to lower middle class. 59.4% of the mothers were anemic. 21% of the babies born were preterm and 30% of the babies born were low birth weight.Conclusions: In India, according to WHO 2018 data, anemia in pregnancy is 65-75%. Present study outcome shows, preterm deliveries is 12.1% and low birth weight is 17.8% born to anaemic mothers who were 59.4%. The reduction in percentage of anaemic mothers in current study is due to National health programmes. In future, these programs will help to reduce the incidence of anaemia in pregnancy, which in turn will reduce low birth weight and preterm deliveries.