ABSTRACT
Background: This study evaluated the antioxidant effects of Resveratrol on stress-induced neuronal loss in ratbrain involving brain glutathione system.Materials and Methods: The control rats received vehicle while another set of rats received 21 days restraintstress. The third and fourth group received similar intensity of restraint stress as well as either 10 or 20mg/kgdose of resveratrol respectively. The cognitive test included passive avoidance test. This was followed by estimationof reduced glutathione and glutathione reductase enzyme levels in brain homogenate and histomorphologicalstudy of hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex.Results: Restraint stress has resulted in poor retrieval of learning behaviour and resveratrol has enhancedretrieval of learning behaviour in stressed condition in passive avoidance task. Both reduced glutathione andglutathione reductase levels were reduced after restraint stress and resveratrol at both the doses has normalizedtheir levels. Restraint stress has affected CA3, CA2 and dentate regions of the hippocampus and also medialprefrontal cortex. In all these areas resveratrol has minimized neuronal loss which were due to chronic stress.Conclusion: From the results of the present study we conclude that stress induced oxidative damage involvesbrain glutathione system and which in turn could be one of the causes for neuronal loss and resveratrol suggeststo protect the brain against stress in rat model.
ABSTRACT
Background: Bone formation, growth and its vitality necessitates blood supply. Nutrient artery is the key sourceof blood supply to the long bone apart from the other important sources like periosteal, metaphyseal andepiphyseal arteries. Nutrient foramina allows nutrient artery. Typically, the direction of the nutrient foramina istowards the elbow joint in radius, away from its growing end. Knowledge of foramen index, number, directionand size of the nutrient foramina assists the surgeon to take an exact section of bone in case of bone resectionand transplantation techniques.Aim: The aim of the present study is to determine the number, position, size, direction of the nutrient foraminaand the Foramen Index of the human dry radius bonesMaterials and Methods: In the present study, 91 right sided and 88 left sided radius bones of unknown age andsex were taken into consideration from the department of anatomy, Mamata Medical College, Khammam,Telanagana.Results: Average length of the radius on the right side was observed to be 23.72 ± 1.93 cm and on left side 23.35± 1.75 cm. The foramen index on right side was 34.92 ± 4.97 cm where as on the left side 34.79 ± 4.43 cm. Thenutrient foramen was directed towards the proximal end of radius in all the bones studied. Most of the foramenwere observed on the anterior surface of the bone. Nutrient foramina was found to be absent in 4 right sided and3 left sided bones.Conclusion: This study may add to the present statistical data available on foramen index, number of foramenand their location in the population of Telangana region, during recent orthopaedic techniques like bone resectionand transplantation