ABSTRACT
This retrospective study demonstrates the clinical outcomes of patients with nonmosaic Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) who underwent preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) with frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa. Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) was performed for sperm retrieval. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was conducted for embryo analysis. A total of 18 couples aged ≤35 years were included, and 22 oocyte retrieval cycles were completed. Euploidy was detected in 29 of 45 (64.4%) embryos. Additionally, the numbers of aneuploid and mosaic embryos detected were 8 (17.8%) and 8 (17.8%), respectively, regardless of a lack of sex chromosome abnormalities. Finally, 13 couples with euploid embryos completed 14 frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Ten couples had clinical pregnancies, and 6 of them had already delivered 5 healthy babies and 1 monozygotic twin. There were also 4 ongoing pregnancies and 2 biochemical pregnancies, but no early pregnancy loss was reported. Based on our results, we speculate that for KS patients, when sperm can be obtained by micro-TESE, the cryopreservation strategy makes the ovarian stimulation procedure more favorable for female partners. The paternal genetic risk of sex chromosome abnormalities in their offspring is extremely low in men with KS. In addition to PGT, the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedure is comparably effective but more economical for young nonmosaic KS couples. ICSI should be offered as an option for such couples, but monitoring by prenatal genetic diagnosis is recommended.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods , Klinefelter Syndrome/therapy , Outcome Assessment, Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Ovulation Induction/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic/methodsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury often leads to patients’ permanent sensory, motor and autonomic dysfunction because of limited inherent regeneration capacity of the central nervous system. Spinal cord injury seriously affects patients’ quality of life but there is still no effective treatment for it. The existing studies suggest that mesenchymal stem cell secretome mediates the main therapeutic effect of cell transplantation and avoids problems such as cellular rejection, so it will become a powerful tool for the treatment of spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of mesenchymal stem cell secretome in the treatment of spinal cord injury, and analyze the current problems and future development direction. METHODS: The PubMed database was retrieved with “spinal cord injury, secretome” as the keywords, and Chinese databases include CNKI and Wanfang were retrieved with “spinal cord injury, secretome” as the keywords in Chinese. We retrieved the articles published from January 2013 to January 2020 and excluded the articles that were irrelevant or repetitive. At last 71 articles that met the criteria were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mesenchymal stem cell secretome is rich in extracellular vesicles and soluble molecules such as growth factors and neurotrophic factors, and it plays prominent place in reducing cell apoptosis, regulating immune response, inhibiting scar formation, promoting nerve regeneration and angiogenesis. Numerous studies have shown that the mesenchymal stem cell secretome can promote nerve regeneration and function recovery after spinal cord injury, and it avoids the disadvantages of cell transplantation. The mesenchymal stem cell secretome will become a reliable method to treat spinal cord injury in the future.
ABSTRACT
Objective To carry out the quality control testing and evaluation for three digital mammography systems.Methods The performance of three digital mammography systems was assessed by applying methods recommended in the European guidelines for quality assurance in breast cancer screening and diagnosis and Chinese specification for testing of quality control in X-ray mammography.The performance of X-ray generator of three digital mammography systems were tested and evaluated.CDMAM 3.4 phantom with four different thickness(30,40,50,60 mm) were exposured in DR,PCM,and CR system,respectively.The average glandular dose (AGD) value was measured and image quality figure (IQF) analysis was performed in each thickness.Results The X-ray machine performance of DR and CR was in accordance with existing standard,however the standard was inappropriate to evaluate part of X-ray machine performance of PCM system.The AGDs for system DR were 1.20,1.42,1.75 and 2.20 mGy for 30,40,50 and 60 mm PMMA thickness,respectively.The respective AGDs for system PCM and CR were 0.82,1.19,1.33,1.70 mGy and 0.59,0.88,1.47,2.19 mGy.For the same phantom thickness sequence,the IQFs were 21.36,21.57,27.25 and 30.58 for system DR,28.02,29.10,35.90,and 41.24 for system PCM,whereas they were 39.78,39.30,43.85 and 48.08 for system CR.Conclusions The AGDs of all three systems were in accordance with the values recommended in European guideline.The AGD and IQF could provide an effective way for performance assessment and constancy checks for digital mammography systems.