ABSTRACT
Objective: To observe relationship of chronic dental and oral morbidity with cardiovascular disease in Pakistani population
Materials and Methods: All indoor cardiac patients aged 40 and above, clinically and angiographically diagnosed with CHD at Islam Central Hospital, Sialkot, were included in the study. Demographic and clinical data [Age, Gender, Smoking, and Diabetes] were noted from patients' hospital record files. Missing teeth were examined and number of teeth missing was estimated from the number of teeth remaining in the mouth upon clinical examination. Attendants without a history of cardiac disease, of the cardiac patients who agreed to be included in the study, were examined for comparison of tooth loss
Results: Nine hundred and thirty six cardiac patients and 595 healthy attendants with mean age of 51.9 +/- 8.4 years were examined. Chronic periodontal disease and mean [+/-SD] tooth loss was significantly [P < 0.001] higher in cardiac patients. Odds ratio [OR] = 1.543 was found in cardiac patients when compared with healthy controls [95%CI = 1.985-2.851]. Tooth loss was significantly [P < 0.001] associated with both males and female cardiac patients especially along with diabetes and smoking
Conclusion: Chronic periodontal disease and tooth loss were found to be significantly higher in cardiac disease patients in comparison to healthy controls. Other risk factors found were age, gender, smoking and diabetes
ABSTRACT
Objective:To find out the adhesion and bond strength of composites of guttapercha with 10% hydroxyapatite [HA] and polyurethane [10% and 20% HA] immersed in phosphate buffer saline [PBS] solution with root dentin
Materials and Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from June 2010 August 2010 at the Department of Material Sciences, Queen Mary College of Engineering London, UK. Extracted human teeth were used for this study and in vitro root canal obturation was done. After filling the samples were immersed in Phosphate Buffer Saline [PBS] solution.Push out test and scanning electron microscopy [SEM] was done to find out the adhesion and bond strength of these materials
Results: Guttapercha had maximum bond strength,where as guttapercha with 10% hydroxyapatite had minimum bond strength compared to other bioactive materials used. Polyurethane composite with 20% HA was next to guttapercha in terms of its bond strength followed by polyurethane with 10% HA
Conclusion:Guttapercha obturating material proved to be the best obturating material but polyurethane [with 10% and 20% HA] also looked promising and it should be further tested and investigated for future use as choice of obturating material with enhanced properties