ABSTRACT
Background:More than 50% of the adult population all over the world are infected with H. pylori. H. pylori infection is a significant reason for chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue [MALT] lymphoma, and gastric carcinoma.Diagnosis can be achieved by invasive [endoscopic-based] and non- invasive [urea breath test, H. pylori stool antigen test and IgG antibodies] methods
Objective: Comparison between different methods for diagnosis of H. pylori infection
Methodology: This study included 118 patients attending Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit at Zagazig University Hospitals. Samples included biopsies, stool,andblood. Biopsies were assessed by Polymerase Chain Reaction [PCR] through amplification of ureC [glmM] gene and rapid urease test [RUT]. Stool samples were processed for analysis by stool antigen test [SAT] ELISA kit. H. pylori IgG antibodies were detected by Helicobacter pyloriIgG ELISA kit
Results: The percentages ofpositive cases of all tests used were as follows; RUT [67.8%], PCR [50%], RUT and PCR [gold standard] [5.7%], SAT [57.6%], IgG antibodies [51.69%] and combined SAT with IgG antibodies [36.4%]. The sensitivities and specificities were as follows; RUT [100%, 59 %], PCR [100%, 92.18%], SAT [77.77%, 59.3%], IgG antibodies [50%, 46.87%] and combined stool antigen test with IgG antibodies [42.59%, 68.7%]
Conclusion: Invasive tests were more accurate than non-invasive testsfor diagnosis of H. pylori-infected patients. Non- invasive test may be used for follow up after treatment of H. pylori infection. Combination of SAT with anti-H.pyloriIgG antibodies improves the specificity and the accuracy as compared to anti-H.pyloriIgG antibodies alone but improves the specificity only when compared to SAT alone
ABSTRACT
Objectives: this study aimed to compare polymerase chain reaction [PCR] and IgM detection using enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay [ELISA] in diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus [CMV] infection
Methods: this study was conducted from May 2009 to December 2010. Urine and blood samples were collected from 94 neonates with suspected congenital CMV infection. Serum and part of urine samples were stored at -20 degreeC freezer, until the serologic and PCR tests were achieved. A 94fiesh urine samples were processed for cell culture. Nineteen [20.2%].out of 94 urine samples were proven positive for CMV infection by viral culture. For comparing PCR and IgM ELISA we used tissue culture technique as a reference, the 19 positive samples on culture [CMV group] and 20 negative samples [control group] were included in the comparison. Some characteristics of CMY and control groups were compared including sex, age, birth weight, gestational age <37 and small for gestational age. Clinical and laboratory abnormalities were also compared in both groups
Results: this study showed that the sensitivity and specificity of PCR in relation to viral culture were 100% and 100% respectively, there was excellent agreement between both tests [Kappa coefficient was I and P=0.000]. On the other hand, the sensitivity of lgM CMV ELISA in relation to viral culture was 63.2% and the specificity was 85%. There was good agreement between both rests [Kappa coefficient was 0.48 and P=0.002]. By comparing CMV and control groups, there were high statistically significant differences between both groups as regard the birth weight, gestational age < 37 and small for gestational age items [P= 0.00, 0.03 and 0.01 respectively]. There were statistically insignificant differences as regarding the clinical and laboratory abnormalities detected for neonates of both groups. In this study jaundice [63%] and hepatosplenomegaly [42%] were the most common clinical signs in both groups
Conclusion: PCR is more sensitive and specific technique for detection of congenital CMV infection than CMV IgM ELISA. Being more cost effective, less cumbersome and less time consuming in relation to viral culture, PCR may be used in detection of congenital CMV infection
ABSTRACT
Background and objectives: viruses, including, Influenza viruses, Adenoviruses [ADV] and Respiratory syncytial virus [RSV] are a frequent cause of respiratory tract infections. This work aimed to identify Influenza [A and B], ADV and RSV as causes of Influenza- like illness, determination of their epidemiological data and seasonality and identification' of virus's specific clinical syndromes
Methods: a total of 651 nasopharyngeal swabs [NPSs] were collected from patients with influenza like illness [IL1] symptoms visiting Chest, Ear Nose and Throat [ENT] and Pediatric Departments' out patients clinics Zagazig University Hospitals Each sample was subjected to virus isolation in cell culture and typing of the isolates by indirect immunofluorescence. Demographic data of positive cases were studied
Results: out of the total samples collected, 246 [37.8%] were positive for at least one of the three viruses under investigation. As regard the remaining 405 [62.2%] samples, none of these viruses were detected. Children 39.5 degreeC [P =0.000] while other viruses were associated with mild fever. Also adenovirus infections were significantly associated with upper respiratory tract symptoms as tonsillitis and pharyngitis [P<0.001]. However RSV was the most common agent associated with bronchiolitis [P<0.05] compared with bronchiolitis caused by other viruses
In Conclusion: a better understanding of the epidemiology of respiratory viral infections may be used for determining specific antiviral therapy, prophylaxis and vaccination