ABSTRACT
Background: Vitiligo is an acquired disorder characterized by circumscribed depigmented macules devoid of identifiable melanocytes. Complex genetic, immunological, neural and self destructive mechanisms interplay in its pathogenesis. According to autocytotoxic hypothesis, oxidative stress has been suggested to be the initial pathogenic event in melanocyte degeneration. Aims: The aim of our investigation was to evaluate the role of oxidative stress by measuring levels of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in lesional and normal skin of patients with vitiligo and in the skin of normal controls. Methods: We determined the activity of SOD in lesional and non-lesional skin and CAT in lesional skin only of 25 vitiligo patients and 25 controls by using the spectrophotometric assay and Aebi's method, respectively. Results: There was statistically significant increase in the levels of SOD in vitiliginous and non vitiliginous skin of patient group compared to the control group ( P < 0.001). No significant difference was found between the levels of SOD in lesional skin and non-lesional skin of vitiligo patients. The levels of CAT in the skin of patients were found to be significantly lower than those of controls ( P < 0.001). Conclusions: There is increased oxidative stress in vitiligo as is indicated by high levels of SOD and low levels of CAT in the skin of vitiligo patients.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Very few studies have been performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of narrow-band ultraviolet B (NBUVB) therapy in Indian patients with vitiligo and are of small sample size. Aims: The purpose of this study is to know the efficacy and safety of NBUVB in 150 vitiligo patients of various age groups. METHODS: One hundred fifty patients (69 males, 81 females), aged 3-70 years, with vitiligo were treated twice weekly with NBUVB. The starting dose was 250 mJ/cm2 in adults and 150 mJ/cm2 in children, with 20% dose increments at each subsequent visit given for a maximum period of 1 year and were followed-up for 6 months for stability of repigmentation. Statistical methods were employed to establish the relation between the response and the number of exposures, duration of treatment, cumulative dose and the compliance. RESULTS: Analysis of our study showed that a majority of our cases, about 73, achieved 25-75% repigmentation, with an average of 51+/-19 exposures, 51 had <25% repigmentation, with an average of 19+/-11 exposures and 26 had >75% repigmentation, with an average of 74+/-24 exposures. Good response to therapy was directly associated with good compliance, more number of exposures and increasing cumulative dose, which was statistically significant (P<0.01). Adverse effects were minimal. Only three patients developed depigmentation of repigmented sites during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our study proves that NBUVB therapy is an effective and safe tool in the management of vitiligo, with good stability of repigmentation and cosmetic appearance.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Anthrax is a disease of herbivorous animals, and humans incidentally acquire the disease by handling infected dead animals and their products. Sporadic cases of human anthrax have been reported from Southern India. METHODS: Five tribal men presented with painless ulcers with vesiculation and edema of the surrounding skin on the extremities without any constitutional symptoms. There was a history of slaughtering and consumption of a dead goat ten days prior to the development of skin lesions. Clinically cutaneous anthrax was suspected and smears, swabs and punch biopsies were taken for culture and identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All the cases were treated with intravenous followed by oral antibiotics. Appropriate health authorities were alerted and proper control measures were employed. RESULTS: Smears from the cutaneous lesions of all five patients were positive for Bacillus anthracis and this was confirmed by a positive culture and PCR of the smears in four of the five cases. All the cases responded to antibiotics. CONCLUSION: We report five cases of cutaneous anthrax in a non-endemic district, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, for the first time.
Subject(s)
Adult , Anthrax/diagnosis , Disease Outbreaks , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/diagnosisABSTRACT
The importance of onychomycosis is often underestimated. Far more than being a simple cosmetic problem, infected nails serve as a chronic reservoir of infection which can give rise to repeated mycotic infections of the skin. 448 patients with nail abnormalities attending Skin O. P. D of King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam during a 1 (one) year period between November'98-October'99, were subjected to detailed clinical, epidemiological study. Diagnosis was confirmed in 204 cases by direct microscopy or culture or by both. Females (51.96%) were slightly more than the males (48.04%). Majority of the cases were between 21-40 years age group. Housewives (33.33%) were most frequently affected. Trauma was a predisposing factor in 11.27% of the cases. The duration of lesions varied from 3 months to 15 years. In the majority (38.23%) it was less than one year. Candidal onychomycosis was the most prevalent clinical type (58.82%) followed by distal subungual onychomycosis (38.72%). Disease was limited only to finger nails in 57.35% and toe nails in 32.35%. Predominant isolates obtained were candida spp. (56.7%), followed by dermatophytes (38.2%) and non-dermatophyte molds (3.37%). 26.96% of the patients had experienced physical, psychosocial and occupational problems.