Neem formulations – safer seed protectants against pulse beetle, callosobruchus chinensis for long term storage of Bengalgram.

The efficacy of neem products like neem oil and commercially available neem formulations viz., Econeem plus®, Neemindia ® and Neemazal ® were evaluated in the laboratory for the control of pulse beetle, C. chinensis in stored bengalgram. These were compared with deltamethrin treatment as a chemical check. The bengalgram seed was treated with the neem formulations and stored under ambient conditions for storability studies. Observations on oviposition, insect damage, germination and seedling vigor index were recorded at three months interval. All the neem formulations were found to be effective against C. chinensis in stored bengalgram up to 12 months of storage. Surprisingly, deltamethrin treatment recorded highest oviposition of pulse beetle and insect damage resulted in poor germination and vigour of stored bengalgram seed. This gives an indication of resistance development in C. chinensis against commonly used synthetic pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin in bengalgram. Crude neem oil @ 5 ml/ kg seed affected badly the germinability and seedling vigour of bengalgram seed under storage. The results indicated that the neem formulations viz., Neemazal, Econeem plus and Neemindia were found to be very effective against C. chinensis in stored bengalgram and also maintained high viability and vigour of seed up to twelve months of storage. Our results suggest that these neem formulations can be used as safer alternatives to chemicals for long term storage of pulses.

Treatment of Endo - Perio Lesion With Syringeable Bio Active Alloplastic Bone Graft Material : A Case Report.

Endodontic–periodontal lesions present challenges to the clinician as far as diagnosis andprognosis of the involved teeth are concerned. Etiologic factors such as bacteria, fungi,and viruses as well as various contributing factors such as trauma, root resorptions,perforations, and dental malformations play an important role in the development andprogression of such lesions. The relationship between the pulp and periodontium has been extensively studied. The pathways for the spread of bacteria between pulpal and periodontal tissues have been discussed with controversy. This case report presents a successful treatment of a 43 year old systemically healthy male suffering with endoperio lesions of upper right first and second molar teeth.