ABSTRACT
Background: In India, teenage pregnancy is an important public-health problem, although the national policy of the Government of India advocates the minimum legal age of marriage for girls to be 18 years. Data of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-3 revealed that 16% of women, aged 15-19 years, have already started childbearing. Teenage pregnancies represent a high-risk group in reproductive terms because of the double burden of reproduction and growth. Complications of pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of mortality among girls aged 15-19 years in developing countries. Aim and objective of the study was to study the prevalence of teenage pregnancies and to study the clinic social impact of teenage pregnancies.Methods: The observational cross-sectional study was conducted in Government General Hospital, Guntur in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology over three Months from August to October 2018. All pregnant women coming to either OPD or directly to the labour room were included in the study group. History was taken and examination was done.Results: Among the 709 deliveries in the institute, 138 are teenage pregnancies contributing to 19.4%. Prevalence of anaemia in teenage mothers is as high as 63.7%, pregnancy induced hypertension contributing to 26.8% and abortions 9.4%. The neonatal outcome is poor in teenage mothers, low birth weight 20.2% contributing to the main morbidity.Conclusions: Teenage pregnancy is associated with an increased incidence of preeclampsia, eclampsia, preterm delivery, increased incidence of instrumental deliveries and lower segment caesarean sections due to cephalopelvic disproportion, neonatal complications, increased neonatal morbidity and mortality mainly due to low birth weight was noted in babies delivered to teenage mothers.
ABSTRACT
Background. The authors evaluated the compressive strength, Vicker`s hardness and modulus of elasticity of two hybrid composites, comparing them to two packable resin composites in order to determine differences that occur with respect to specific restorative materials. Methods. The authors studied the following resin-based restorative materials: two hybrid composites (Z-100, CHARISMA) and two packable resin composites (SUREFIL, SOLITAIRE- 2) The objective of the present study was to test compressive strength, Vicker`s hardness and modulus of elasticity. Specific sized moulds were prepared for each restorative material, which were then photopolymerized. Following this, the moulds were stored in physiologic saline. Compressive strength was evaluated using universal testing machine and Vicker’s hardness was determined using Vicker`s indenter. The test for modulus of elasticity was conducted using a three point bending technique and universal testing machine.Results. Results calculated by one-way ANOVA and Tukey`s test indicated that the hybrid composite (Z-100) was superior in all the three physical properties evaluated, followed by SUREFIL, SOLITAIRE- 2, and CHARISMA.Conclusion. The hybrid composite Z-100 is the material of choice for restoration in high stress bearing areas, but further clinical research is still needed in order to substantiate these results. Clinical Implications. Packable composites may be easier for clinicians to handle than conventional resin-based composites; however, their physical properties were not superior to those of the conventional hybrid resin-based composite.