ABSTRACT
Introduction: Diabetes and prediabetes are rapidly growingin India. Diabetes is the single most important risk factor forcardiovascular disease. As 72.2% of the Indian populationresides in rural areas, the current study was carried to assessthe prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus, prediabetes and cardiometabolic profile in a rural population.Material and methods: A total of 300 people aged more than18 years were included in this observational, communitybased study. All the relevant parameters were documentedin a structured study proforma. The following investigationswere done in all subjects: fasting blood glucose, post prandialblood glucose, fasting lipid profile, electrocardiography andechocardiogram.Results: The prevalence of diabetes was 37.33% and prediabetes was 8.67% in the current study. Among diabeticsmean age was 51.17 years and 43.69 years in prediabetics.Among diabetics 69 (69.6%) were males and 43 (38.4%) werefemales. Among the prediabetics 43 (38.4%) were males and12 (46.2%) were females. Among diabetes patients meanTriglycerides (TGL) was 175.24 mg/dl. In this study 128(42.7%) participants were overweight, 114 (38%) were obese,85 (28.33%) were alcoholics, 44 (14.67%) were smokers.Conclusion: Higher Total cholesterol, Triglycerides levelsare associated with higher chance of prediabetes and diabetes.Increasing age is also a risk factor for prediabetes and diabetes.The prevalence of the diabetics and prediabetes is rising inrural population. Hence it is essential to create awarenessabout diabetes and accessibility to health care services amongrural population.
ABSTRACT
A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS)assay method has been developed and fully validated for the simultaneous quantification of pravastatin and aspirin in human plasma.Furosemide was used as an internal standard.Analytes and the internal standard were extracted from human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction technique using methyl tertiary butyl ether.The reconstituted samples were chromatographed on a Zorbax SB-C18 column by using a mixture of 5 mM ammonium acetate buffer and acetonitrile (20∶80,v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min.The calibration curve obtained was linear (r(≥)0.99)over the concentration range of 0.50-600.29 ng/mL for pravastatin and 20.07-2012.00 ng/mL for aspirin.Method validation was performed as per FDA guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria.A run time of 2.0 min for each sample made it possible to analyze more than 400 human plasma samples per day.The proposed method was found to be applicable to clinical studies.
ABSTRACT
Background: A novel swine origin influenza virus (H1N1) is spreading worldwide and threatens to become pandemic.H1N1 critical illness mostly affects young patients and is often fatal. Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the clinical characteristic of H1N1 infection in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A total of 92 nasal and pharyngeal swabs from suspected cases of swine flu were processed by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Result: Twenty(21.73%) were positive of which two were treating physicians and five (25%) patients expired. Conclusions: The age group of positive cases of H1N1 was between 21 and 30 years and age group of patients who died ranged from 40 to 45 year. This overview indicates that although the majority of hospitalized persons infected with novel influenza A (H1N1) recovered without complications, certain patients had severe and prolonged disease. It was also noted that 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection - related clinical illness predominantly affects young patients. All hospitalized patients with novel influenza A (H1N1) infection should be monitored carefully and treated with antiviral therapy. Mandatory vaccination of health-care workers is especially important in emerging pandemic.
ABSTRACT
An extra cellular lipase was isolated and purified from the culture broth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa SRT 9 to apparent homogeneity using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by chromatographic techniques on phenyl Sepharose CL- 4B and Mono Q HR 5/5 column, resulting in a purification factor of 98 fold with specific activity of 12307.8 U/mg. The molecular weight of the purified lipase was estimated by SDS-PAGE to be 29 kDa with isoelectric point of 4.5. Maximum lipase activity was observed in a wide range of temperature and pH values with optimum temperature of 55ºC and pH 6.9. The lipase preferably acted on triacylglycerols of long chain (C14-C16) fatty acids. The lipase was inhibited strongly by EDTA suggesting the enzyme might be metalloprotein. SDS and metal ions such as Hg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Ag2+ and Fe2+ decreased the lipase activity remarkedly. Its marked stability and activity in organic solvents suggest that this lipase is highly suitable as a biotechnological tool with a variety of applications including organo synthetic reactions and preparation of enantiomerically pure pharmaceuticals. The Km and Vmax value of the purified enzyme for triolein hydrolysis were calculated to be 1.11 mmol/L and 0.05 mmol/L/minrespectively.
Uma lipase extracelular foi isolada e purificada a partir de um caldo de cultura de Pseudomonas aeruginosa SRT9 até homogeneidade visível empregando-se precipitação com sulfato de amônia, seguida de técnicas cromatográficas em colunas de fenil sefarose CL-4B e Mono Q HR 5/5, obtendo-se um fator de purificação de 98 vezes, e atividade especifica de 12307,8 U/mg. Por SDS_PAGE, estimou-se que o peso molecular da lipase purificada é 29kDa, com um ponto isoelétrico de 4,5. A lipase apresentou atividade máxima em uma ampla faixa de temperatura e pH, com ótimos a 55ºC e pH 6,9. A lípase foi mais ativa sobre triacilglicerois de cadeia longa (C14-C16). A lipase foi fortemente inibida por EDTA, o que sugere que a enzima pode ser uma metaloproteína. SDS e íons metálicos, como Hg2+, Zn2+,Cu2+, Ag2+ e Fe2+, diminuíram marcadamente a atividade da lipase. Sua grande estabilidade e atividade em solventes organicos sugerem que esta lípase pode ser uma excelente ferramenta tecnológica com várias aplicações como reações organosintéticas e preparação de produtos farmacêuticos enantiomericamente puros. Os valores de Km e Vmax para a enzima purificada na hidrólise de trioleina foram 1,11 mmol/L e 0,05 mmol/L/min, respectivamente.
Subject(s)
Ammonium Sulfate , Lipase/analysis , Metalloproteins/analysis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/enzymology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics , Sepharose/analysis , Chromatography , Methods , MethodsABSTRACT
Increased free radical activity in gestational diabetes (GDM) can lead to a host of damaging and degenerative maternal and fetal complications. Hence antioxidant levels in blood of GDM mothers and cord blood were estimated. Erythrocyte glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), plasma vitamins C and E and serum total glutathione-S-transferase (GST), protein thiols and ceruloplasmin (Cp) were estimated spectrophotometrically in maternal blood of age matched controls and mothers with GDM and also in cord blood samples of the above. There was a significant increase in the erythrocytic GSH, serum total GST and protein thiols in GDM maternal blood when compared to controls whereas erythrocytic SOD exhibited a marked decrease in GDM cases. The changes in plasma vitamins C and E, Cp and erythrocytic TBARS in GDM were not significantly different from controls. Cord blood levels of protein thiols were also significantly increased in GDM. No significant changes were observed in the serum Cp and GST levels of the same. Hence, elevated glucose levels can induce oxidative stress in GDM mothers.