ABSTRACT
Background: Based on Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) Chronic Kidney Disease patients are classified into five stages. It starts with early stage of CKD and finally ends with End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD). Anemia and inflammation are major medical complication in End Stage Kidney Disease and leads cardio vascular complications like LVH.Methods: A cross sectional study carried out over a 2 year period in Department Nephrology and General Medicine OPD, MIMS, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India 120 in which 60 are normal healthy individuals and 60 are End stage kidney Disease. In all the participants Serum creatinine, blood urea, Serum Iron, TIBC, TSAT% Serum ferritin, Serum CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α was measured. All the EDTA blood samples were analyzed for complete blood count. Results: The diagnostic criteria for CKD like blood urea and serum creatinine were significantly higher in ESKD. There is a significantly increased level of Left ventricular mass index in ESKD when compared with Control. The mean erythrocyte indices are decreased in ESKD. The mean serum iron, TIBC and TSAT% decreased ESKD. Whereas serum ferritin significant increase in ESKD group and the mean serum CRP IL-6 and TNF-α significant increase in ESKD group when compared with controlConclusion: Present study finding suggested that there is a raised inflammatory marker in ESKD patients due to inflammation and it further changes serum ferritin, serum iron and TIBC. The above altered factors leads to changes in erythrocyte indices and leads to anemia which ends with cardiovascular complication like Left Ventricular Hypertrophy.
ABSTRACT
Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading cause of death in chronic kidney disease. The increased cardiovascular mortality observed in all stages of Chronic kidney disease patients. In hemodialysis cardiovascular mortality is more than 60%. In hemodialysis dyslipidemia contribute for the triggering of atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress are serves as main precursor for the progression of atherosclerosis. So the present study was aimed at studying lipid profile and oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients.Methods: A cross sectional study carried out over a 2 year period in Department Nephrology and General Medicine OPD, MIMS, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India. A total of 60 hemodialysis patients are included. In all the participants Lipid profile, SOD, MDA and Serum Nitrate was measured. Results: There is a significantly increased levels of serum triglycerides and VLDL in hemodialysis patients when compared with Control. The HDL-C was significant Lower in hemodialysis patients when compared with control. The serum total cholesterol and LDL-C not shown any significant change. The Serum MDA and Serum Nitrate was significantly higher in hemodialysis patients compared with Control and it is statistically significant (p<0.001). Whereas the serum SOD value was significantly decreased in hemodialysis patients when compared with control and it is statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusion: Present study finding suggested that the incidence of atherosclerosis changes are higher in hemodialysis patients. Early detection and correction of atherosclerosis changes can help us to reducing the deleterious effects.