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Objective:To explore the status and correlates of sleep quality in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia.Methods:A total number of 269 schizophrenia inpatients were recruited from 7 hospitals including Peking University Sixth Hospital, Zhumadian Second People′s Hospital and Liaocheng Fourth People′s Hospital from August 2019 to March 2021. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the suicide module of Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview were evaluated. Poor sleep quality was determined by the score of more than 5 according to PSQI, all patients were divided into groups of poor and normal sleep quality. The general demographic data and clinical characteristics of two groups were compared, and the correlates of sleep quality were obtained by Spearman correlations and multiple logistic regression.Results:The prevalence of poor sleep quality in schizophrenia inpatients was up to 44.6% (120/269). Compared with normal sleep quality group, inpatients with poor sleep quality had higher rates of alcohol consumption history, use of benzodiazepines (BZDs) and current suicide risk, and BPRS total score, factor scores (thinking disorders, anxious-depression, hostile-suspiciousness and activation), PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were also higher (all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analyses showed that PSQI total score were significantly positively correlated with BPRS total score ( r=0.323), PHQ-9 score ( r=0.553), GAD-7 score ( r=0.456) and current suicide risk level ( r=0.320) (all P<0.001). Multiple logistic regression showed that history of alcohol consumption ( OR=2.897, 95% CI: 1.002-8.372), use of BZDs ( OR=3.181, 95% CI: 1.548-6.534), thinking disorders ( OR=1.563, 95% CI: 1.015-2.406), comorbidity with depression ( OR=4.968, 95% CI: 1.869-13.202), and current suicide risk ( OR=2.496, 95% CI: 1.360-4.581) were independently correlated with poor sleep quality (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Poor sleep quality is common in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia, and history of alcohol consumption, use of BZDs, thinking disorders, comorbidity with depression and current suicide risk are independent correlates of poor sleep quality.
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OBJECTIVES@#To examine the changes of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and β-galactosyl transferase specific chaperone 1 (C1GALT1C1) in brain of rats with ischemic injury at different time points and to explore the protective mechanism of ultrashort wave (USW) on ischemic brain injury.@*METHODS@#Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (=10 per group): a sham group (control group) and 4 experimental group (ischemia for 2 h). The 4 experimental groups were set as a model 1 d group, a USW 1 d group, a model 3 d group and a USW 3 d group, respectively. Five rats were randomly selected for 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazoliumchloride (TTC) staining in each experimental group, and the remaining 5 rats were subjected to Western blotting and real-time PCR. The percentage of cerebral infarction volume and the relative expression level of CoQ10 and C1GALT1C1 in the brain were examined and compared.@*RESULTS@#The infarct volume percentage after TTC staining was zero in the sham group. With the progress of disease and USW therapy, the infarct volume percentage was decreased in the experimental groups (all <0.05); Western blotting and real-time PCR showed that the relative expression level of CoQ10 in the sham group was the highest, while in the experimental groups, the content of CoQ10 showed a upward trend with the extension of disease and USW therapy, with significant difference (all <0.05). The relative expression level of C1GALT1C1 in the sham group was the lowest, but in the experimental groups, they showed a downward trend with the extension of disease and USW therapy, with significant difference (all <0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Non-caloric USW therapy may upregulate the expression of CoQ10 to suppress the expression of C1GALT1C1 in rats, leading to alleviating cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury.
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Animals , Rats , Brain , Brain Ischemia , Molecular Chaperones , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reperfusion Injury , UbiquinoneABSTRACT
Objective The aim of this research was to study the prevalence and differences of depressive symptoms and related factors in elderly in both urban and rural areas so as to develop relative strategies on this issue.Methods Ten-question-version of the Center Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D) was applied to score the depressive status.Data used in this research was from the 2013 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).Binary logistic regressions method was applied to examine the influential factors related to depression symptoms.Results In the elderly population,the mean score on depressive symptoms was 8.3 ± 5.9,with a prevalence as 26.8％.The incidence rates on ‘Elderly depression'in urban and rural areas were 16.4％ and 30.0％ respectively.The prevalence of depressive symptoms was relatively low (P＜0.05)with protective factors including:being male,status related to self-rated health,without chronic diseases,active participation in social activities etc.noticed,among elderly in both urban and rural areas.Age and alcohol consumption appeared factors that influencing the depressive symptoms of the elderly in rural areas,while the average income was an influencing factor on the elderly in urban areas.Incidence of depression was relatively low in age ≥75 years group in rural areas.However,elderly in the rural areas with abstinence of alcohol intake showed higher incidence of depressive symptoms (P＜0.05).Incidence of depression was reltively low (P＜0.05) among elderly with high income in the urban areas.Conclusions Incidence of depression appeared high among the elderly and even higher in the rural areas.Strategies would include the following points:to strengthen the construction of urban-rural integration,improving and strengthening the rural pension insurance system,upgrading the urban social assistance for low-income elderly,strengthening the psychological consultation service of primary medical institutions and actively developing the three-tier levels related to the prevention of chronic diseases.
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Objective The aim of this research was to study the prevalence and differences of depressive symptoms and related factors in elderly in both urban and rural areas so as to develop relative strategies on this issue.Methods Ten-question-version of the Center Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D) was applied to score the depressive status.Data used in this research was from the 2013 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).Binary logistic regressions method was applied to examine the influential factors related to depression symptoms.Results In the elderly population,the mean score on depressive symptoms was 8.3 ± 5.9,with a prevalence as 26.8％.The incidence rates on ‘Elderly depression'in urban and rural areas were 16.4％ and 30.0％ respectively.The prevalence of depressive symptoms was relatively low (P＜0.05)with protective factors including:being male,status related to self-rated health,without chronic diseases,active participation in social activities etc.noticed,among elderly in both urban and rural areas.Age and alcohol consumption appeared factors that influencing the depressive symptoms of the elderly in rural areas,while the average income was an influencing factor on the elderly in urban areas.Incidence of depression was relatively low in age ≥75 years group in rural areas.However,elderly in the rural areas with abstinence of alcohol intake showed higher incidence of depressive symptoms (P＜0.05).Incidence of depression was reltively low (P＜0.05) among elderly with high income in the urban areas.Conclusions Incidence of depression appeared high among the elderly and even higher in the rural areas.Strategies would include the following points:to strengthen the construction of urban-rural integration,improving and strengthening the rural pension insurance system,upgrading the urban social assistance for low-income elderly,strengthening the psychological consultation service of primary medical institutions and actively developing the three-tier levels related to the prevention of chronic diseases.
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@#Objective To investigate the memory characteristics and related factors of patients with mental retardation. Methods 73 patients with mental retardation (patient group) and 73 normal subjects (control group) matched with the patient group were respectively tested with Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition of Chinese Version (WMS-IV). Results The scores of each subtest and composite scores of WMS-IV were significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group (P<0.01). All the composite scores positively correlated with each other in the patient group (r=0.38-0.90, P<0.01) and in the control group (r=0.31-0.94, P<0.01). Age and education level positively correlated with all the composite scores (except the Visual Working Memory Index) in the patient group (P<0.05). Conclusion The patients with mental retardation present an overall decline in memory, especially in the immediate memory. The memory function in patients is related with their ages and education levels.