ABSTRACT
Abstract Background & aim: Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease, its pathogenesis encompasses numerous organs. About 50% of cases of SLE are anemic; multiple pathways are attributed to the occurrence of anemia. Anemia of chronic disease is generally due to reduced erythropoietin function, reduced production and low response to erythropoietin action on red blood cells, which play a role in the development of anemia of chronic disease seen in several conditions with autoimmune etiology. There were three main contributions in our research: First: To evaluate the types of anemia associated with SLE. Second: To evaluate the role of erythropoietin in pathogenesis of SLE associated anemia. Third: To evaluate the correlation between level of anemia and erythropoietin level. Subjects & methodology: 150 patients with SLE were registered in our study. SLE activity was measured by SLE disease activity index. Results: Our study encompassed (150) SLE patients, 20 men and 130 women and (50) controls, 9 men and 41 women. Among them, anemia of chronic disease was the most prevalent (41.3%), then anemia due to iron deficiency (33.3%), and lastly anemia of autoimmune etiology (25.3%). Our study also showed that there was statistically significant dissimilarity (P value = 0.023) between all groups of anemia in erythropoietin value but there was no significant correlation between erythropoietin and hemoglobin levels in any of the three groups. Conclusion: Erythropoietin level variation was detected among the dissimilar groups of anemia but no correlation between hemoglobin level and erythropoietin was found (blunted erythropoietin response).
Resumen Antecedentes y objetivo: El lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad autoinmune, su patogénesis abarca numerosos órganos. Alrededor del 50% del lupus sistêmico es anémico; las múltiples vías se atribuyen a la aparición de anemia. La anemia por enfermedad crónica generalmente se debe a la función reducida de la eritropoyetina, la producción reducida y la baja respuesta a la acción de la eritropoyetina en los glóbulos rojos que desempeñan un papel en el desarrollo de la anemia de la enfermedad crónica observada en varias enfermedades con etiología autoinmune. Hubo 3 contribuciones principales en nuestra investigación: Primero: evaluar los tipos de anemia asociados con el lupus sistémico. Segundo: evaluar el papel de la eritropoyetina en la patogénesis de la anemia asociada al lupus sistêmico. Tercero: evaluar la correlación entre el nivel de anemia y el nivel de eritropoyetina. Sujetos y metodología: Ciento cincuenta pacientes con lupus sistémico se registraron en nuestro estudio. La actividad sistémica del lupus se calculó mediante el índice de actividad de la enfermedad del LES. Resultados: Nuestro estudio abarcó 150 pacientes con lupus sistêmico, 20 varones y 130 mujeres y 50 controles, 9 varones y 41 mujeres. Entre ellos, la anemia de la enfermedad crónica fue la más prevalente (41,3%), seguida de la anemia por deficiencia de hierro (33,3%) y, finalmente, la anemia con etiología autoinmune (25,3%). Nuestro estudio también mostró que hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas (valor de p = 0,023) entre todos los grupos de anemia en el valor de eritropoyetina, pero no hubo una correlación significativa entre los niveles de eritropoyetina y hemoglobina en ninguno de los 3 grupos. Conclusión: Se detectó una variación en el nivel de eritropoyetina entre los diferentes grupos de anemia, pero no se encontró correlación entre el nivel de hemoglobina y la eritropoyetina (respuesta de eritropoyetina atenuada).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Erythropoietin , Noxae , Prevalence , Anemia , Lupus Erythematosus, SystemicABSTRACT
The present study aimed at clarifying the cross talk between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR- γ), cardiac reactive Oxygen species (ROS) and Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS). Methods: A total of 90 male albino rats were used. The rats were divided into: Group 1: Control group, Group 2: Type 2 diabetic rats, Group 3: PPARγ agonist protected type 2 diabetic rats. Group 4: Antioxidant protected type2 diabetic rats, Group 5: Metformin treated type 2 diabetic rats. Blood samples were collected for measurement of FBS and fasting insulin. Half the number of each group was sacrificed and the heart excised and perfused, from the rest of the group small piece from the heart was taken for estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA), Angiotensin 2 Receptor (AT2R) and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene expression. Results: Treatment with pioglitazone and Vitamin E significantly lowered blood glucose, insulin levels and Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA IR). However, values did not return to control values. Pioglitazone and Vitamin E improved myocardial performance and percentage recovery following ischemia reperfusion. The cardioprotective effect was more pronounced in the pioglitazone group. This positively correlated with decreased MDA levels and increased AT2R and ACE2 expression in cardiac tissue. Conclusion: Pioglitazone and Vitamin E in type 2 DM significantly offered cardioprotection through improving the diabetic condition and / or decreasing MDA levels.
ABSTRACT
The present study was designed to evaluate the influence of adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASCs) with or without calcium phosphate composite on osteoclastogenesis in osteoporotic rats. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were harvested from adipose tissue of both the omentum and the inguinal fat pad of male rats, as the sex mismatch, to track the MSCs fate and to ensure their homing to the injured females' femurs. The isolated ASCs were characterized via the morphological appearance, multilineage potential and the PCR detection of CD29, CD44, CD106, CD14, CD34 and CD45 surface markers. Fifty adult female albino rats were enrolled in the current study. The rats were classified into five groups: group 1 was the gonad intact control, group 2 served as untreated ovariectomized (OVX) rats, group 3 was OVX rats treated with ASCs, group 4 was OVX rats treated with ASCs with injectable bone substitute (IBS) and group 5 was OVX rats treated with IBS. The serum levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-қβ ligand (RANKL) were assayed using ELISA procedure. In addition, nuclear factor-κβ (NF-κβ) gene expression level was estimated in femur bones using real time –PCR. The isolated ASCs proved their MSCs identity via their morphological appearance and multilineage potential. In addition, the isolated ASCs showed positive expression for CD29, CD45, CD44 as well as CD106 and negative expression for CD34 and CD14. Besides, the positive expression of the Y-chromosome (sry) gene detected in the ASCs treated groups indicated that the systemically delivered single dose of undifferentiated ASCs was able to home at the females' femur bones. Adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) injection with or without calcium phosphate composite in OVX rats reversed the effect of ovariectomy on the studied biomarkers causing significant increase in serum OPG level accompanied with significant decrease in serum RANKL level. Also, significant down regulation of NF-κβ gene expression in femur bones was detected in the treated groups compared with untreated OVX group. These results clarified the good influence of ASCs against osteoclastogenesis. In addition the combination of ASCs injection with osteoinductive material injectable calcium phosphate composite (IBS), may be useful to achieve the significant antiosteoporotic effects.
ABSTRACT
Background: Skin tags (STs), are papillomas commonly found in the neck and in the axillae of middle-aged and elderly people. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex of interrelated risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Epidemiologic studies of different ethnic populations have indicated that hyperleptinaemia and leptin resistance are strongly associated with MS. Aim: To study the possible relation of skin tags and leptin levels to MS guided by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) diagnostic criteria. Methods: This study included 80 participants, 40 ST patients and 40 apparently healthy controls. Age, sex, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), smoking status, fasting glucose level, insulin level and insulin resistance were estimated as well as cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, criteria of MS, and leptin levels. Results: The univariate analysis showed that WC, BMI, fasting glucose, insulin levels, insulin resistance, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and leptin levels were significantly higher in ST patients compared to controls (P < 0.001). The multivariate analysis between MS components and ST showed that only high triglyceride levels (OR 1.205/95% CI 1.044-1.391/P = 0.011) and low HDL levels (OR 0.554/95% CI 0.384-0.800/P = 0.002) were significantly associated with ST. Multivariate linear regression analysis of the predictors of high plasma leptin levels, showed that high triglyceride levels (OR 0.287/95% CI 0.410-3.56/P = 0.014), and low HDL levels (OR -0.404/95% CI -8.7 to -2.08/P = 0.002) were significant predictors. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that the presence of both ST and hyperleptinaemia in patients with STs may be associated with high levels of triglycerides and low levels of HDL and this could suggest that changing the life style of patients with ST may have a beneficial role.