ABSTRACT
Background: Mycoplasma infections are suggested as etiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of Mycoplasma hominis [M. hominis] infection and spontaneous abortion among pregnant women
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study that was conducted from August 2012 to January 2013, totally, 109 women were included with spontaneous abortion with gestational ages of 10-20 weeks [Cases], and 109 women with normal pregnancy with gestational ages between 20-37 weeks [Controls] in Sanandaj, Iran. Using specific primers and extracted DNA from endocervical swabs, a PCR test was conducted for detection of M. hominis infection in women. For comparison of qualitative and quantitative variables, independent Fisher tests were used and p<0.05 was considered significant
Results: The total frequency of M. hominis infection was 6 [2.75%] in women. The frequency of M. hominis infection was 2 [1.83%] in the case group [spontaneous abortion] and 4 [3.66%] in the control group, respectively. In both case and control groups, no association was seen between M.hominis infection and spontaneous abortion [OR=0. 49, CI 95%: 0.08-2.73, p=0. 683]
Conclusion: M. hominis was positive in the genital tract of some pregnant women, but it was not associated with spontaneous abortion. However, to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes in women, foetus and neonate, routine screening and treatment for the genital Mycoplasma is recommended
ABSTRACT
Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is the etiology of most of sexually transmitted diseases. Colonization of C. trachomatis in the genital tract during early gestation has been associated with preterm birth, and preterm premature rupture of the membranes. The role of C. trachomatis on spontaneous abortion has not yet been proved completely. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of C. trachomatis infection among pregnant women and its association with spontaneous abortion
Methods: This case-control study was conducted from August 2012 until January 2013. Totally, 218 women were included; 109 women with spontaneous abortion with gestation age between 10-20 weeks [cases], and 109 women with normal pregnancy with gestation age between 20-30 weeks [controls] in Sanandaj, Iran. DNA was extracted from endocervical swabs and a PCR test was conducted for detection of C. trachomatis infection in women using specific primers. Independent T-test and Chi-square were used for comparison of quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively, and p<0.05 was considered significant
Results: The total prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was 38[17.43%] in endocervical swabs of women. However, the number of cases with C. trachomatis infections was 25 out of 109[22.9%] in the case group and 13 out of 109[11.9%] in control group, respectively. Association between chlamydia infection and spontaneous abortion was statistically significant [OR=2.198, CI 95%: 1.058-4.56]
Conclusion: Our study showed that C. trachomatis infection was associated with spontaneous abortion. Thus, screening and treatment of pregnant women may prevent this adverse pregnancy outcome
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Chlamydia trachomatis , Chlamydia Infections , Reproductive Tract Infections , Pregnant Women , Case-Control StudiesABSTRACT
In this present study we decided to consider the prevalence and distribution of Beijing family in the world using meta-analysis based on systematic review of articles published and relation with drug resistance, which will provide more detailed information to clearly overview the status of this family and transmission of TB. This study used the most available article published in literature database including PubMed, Science direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Biological abs, Iranmedex, and SID systematically reviewed prevalence of Beijing family. Data analyzed using meta-analysis with random effects models. Final analyses included 264 samples that have been selected from 2811 studies. Overall Beijing family prevalence in world was estimated to be 33.2% [95% CI 31.4-35.2]. Corresponding estimates by continent were Asia 44.7% [39.5-49.8], Europe 27.9% [25.6-30.1], Africa 12·5% [8.9-16.2], and America 8.9% [6.9-10.9]. In all world regions, Beijing families were associated with drug resistance 81.37%. According to the results, prevalence of Beijing family in Asia is higher than similar studies in other parts of the world and this family is associated with drug resistance. Effective control program is needed in world to control the spread of drug resistance strains specially Beijing family.
Subject(s)
Prevalence , Meta-Analysis as Topic , TuberculosisABSTRACT
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections and can acquire resistant to many antimicrobials, including beta -lactams. The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of SHV type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase [ESBL], antimicrobial resistance patterns of the P. aeroginusa and risk factors in hospitalized patients in two teaching hospitals in Sanandaj, Iran. 123 P. aeruginosa were isolated from various clinical specimens. All samples were prepared for double-disk synergy test on the isolates for detection of ESBL. SHV was confirmed by PCR method. Risk factors were evaluated for infection due to P. aeruginosa. The incidence of multiple drug resistance [MDR] in P. aeroginusa isolates was 3.85%. The prevalence of ESBL-SHV gene was 10.57%. Days of hospitalization [OR=14.34 CI95% 2.87-25.8], ICU hospitalization [OR=3.4 CI95% 1.24- 9.29], presence of catheter [OR=3.63 CI 95% 1.34-9.84], use of antimicrobials within previous two weeks [OR=5.51 CI95% 1.85-16.43] and use of ventilator [OR=3.7557 CI95%1.29-9] were risk factors for Pseudomonas nosocomial infection SHV positive ESBL. In this study Prevalence of ESBL, SHV gene and MDR in P. aeroginosa infection was lower than the prevalence reported from other studies in Iran and this indicated appropriate antimicrobial managements strategies and infection control. In addition, our research data indicate that risk factors such as use of ventilator, use of antimicrobials and ICU hospitalization can be effective in managing Pseudomonas infection