ABSTRACT
Background and objective: Acne is a follicular skin disease most frequently occurring during the adolescent or the teenage years of a person's life. It has been found that around 85% of teenagers suffer from this skin disorder worldwide. However, acne is not only restricted to teenagers but in many cases continues well into adulthood. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of acne in relation to age in Erbil City, and isolation and identification of microorganisms in acne patients
Methods: Specimens were collected from inflamed and discharging pus from 160 acne patients [74 male, 86 female] attending the Department of Dermatology in Rizgari Teaching Hospital in Erbil city. The cultures were examined using the Vitek-2 compact system
Results: Among 160 samples taken, 150 [99%] were culture positive. From there 70 [46.6%] were male and 80 [53.3%] were female. Only ten [6.25%] samples revealed no growth. The highest prevalence of acne was 32 [20.0%] at age group [15-17] years of both genders. The most frequent etiological agent isolated [aerobically] bacteria from acne patients was Staphylococcus epidermidis [27.08%], and the most common anaerobic pathogen bacteria species were Propionibacterium acnes, 25 [13.02%], while among fungi Candida albicans was the most common fungi representing nine [64.29%] isolates
Conclusion: Gram-positive bacteria were the most common microorganisms involved in acne infection. There are variations in the incidence of acne infection in relation to sex, age, and socioeconomic level
ABSTRACT
Life threating fungal disease is now a frequent substantial of' the Immunocomprimised host population. Candida infection has risen throughout the era of antibiotics and immunosuppressive chemotherapy. To highlight the need for- alternative immunprophlactic tool .Therefore the need to develop prophylactic or therapeutic immunoglobulin against candidacies 12.5 mg/ml. of Candida albicans proteinase enzyme was injected S/C into a group of five rabbits weighing 3 Kg. with complete Freund's adjuvant. Antisera were collected from the animals after 28 days. 0.2 ml of this antisera given I/V into two group of rabbits; followed by 0.1 ml of the antiserum one of these groups as control. the 2[nd] group challenged with 2.8*I0
ABSTRACT
Actively growing cultures of Cryptococcus diffluens at 27°C were shifted to 37°C at early logarithmic phase. Ultrathin section of theses cells were examined by electron microscopy at different intervals. Within a few hours cells showed swelling of mitochondria and accumulation of fat like vacuoles. Twelve hours later changes in cell membrane were seen, followed by lamellated structures filling intracellular space with many dense particles. More drastic changes were noted 48 hrs after the shift, such as discontinuity of the plasma membrance and loss of cell contents