ABSTRACT
Breast cancer is the leading type of cancer in women. It is commonly accepted that the earlier the detection of the disease, the better the prognosis. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical significance of tumour marker CA 15-3 along with Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in India women population. Tumour marker CA 15-3 concentrations reflected the tumour burden in a better way than CEA. However, the use of CEA as an additional conventional marker improved the Clinical efficiency of the marker CA 15-3.
Subject(s)
Adult , Breast Diseases/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Carcinoembryonic Antigen/blood , Case-Control Studies , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , India , Mucin-1/blood , Biomarkers, Tumor/bloodABSTRACT
In the present study, we have examined lipid profile in normal healthy age matched control and patients with various malignancies. Analysis of data revealed that total lipids, cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels are inversely associated with incidence of cancer where as triglycerides levels were significantly elevated in cancer patients. Electrophoretic separation of lipoproteins revealed a significant decrease in the mean values of alpha fraction in patients with malignancy when compared with the corresponding control group. The other fractions beta and pre-beta did not show any change in the mean values in patients with cancer as compared to the normal corresponding control group.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Child , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Electrophoresis , Female , Humans , Lipoproteins/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/blood , Triglycerides/bloodABSTRACT
The study comprised between healthy and benign controls and proven 62 cases of prostate cancer at different clinical stages. The mean value of increasing level of PSA in group III was found to be highly significant when compared with group I. Whereas, the mean value of elevated levels of ALP in stage III and IV from group III was found to be highly significant when compared with group I. Though the mean value of ALP was increased in stage I and II from group III when compared with group I, it was not found highly significant. Hence the elevated levels of ALP were significantly correlated with advanced stages of prostate cancer. Whereas, increased levels of PSA contribute to the diagnosis of potentially increased volume of the prostate cancer.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Alkaline Phosphatase/blood , Carcinoma/diagnosis , Case-Control Studies , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Biomarkers, Tumor/bloodABSTRACT
The diagnosis of hepatic metastases is important and has prognostic significance in clinical medicine. A variety of biochemical tests have been used to diagnose liver metastases before surgery and during follow up. However, recently, with the introduction of high resolution imaging modalities like CT Scan/Ultrasonography, the value of these biochemical tests declined. Ultrasonography/CT Scan can pick up liver metastases upto 0.5 cm diameter. Many a times bigger lesions and obviously smaller lesions can be missed by these screening methods. Various biochemical markers were proposed to pick up liver metastases. In this study, the estimation of 5'nucleotidase is found to be the most sensitive predictor of liver metastases when compared to conventional markers and imaging modalities.
Subject(s)
5'-Nucleotidase/blood , Case-Control Studies , Humans , Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity , Biomarkers, Tumor/bloodABSTRACT
AIM: To induce intrahepatic cholestasis in rats using lomustine 1(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-l-nitrosourea (CCNU). METHODS: Doses of 10 mg, 20 mg and 30 mg/Kg body weight of CCNU were injected intraperitoneally in separate groups of animals. RESULTS: With 10 mg/Kg body weight of CCNU, serum bilirubin levels increased for up to 72 hours and then slowly returned to normal. With a dose of 20 mg/Kg body weight of CCNU, serum bilirubin, AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase levels increased for 72 hours and then returned to normal over 4-5 weeks. With a dose of 30 mg/Kg body weight peak levels of serum bilirubin were reached on day 17. Pathological studies were carried out after injection of 30 mg/Kg body weight of CCNU. After 72 hours hepatocytes were normal, with minimal nonspecific inflammation and bile duct proliferation. After 16 days, triaditis was observed with deposition of collagen. Focal fibrosis was also noticed. There was no significant abnormality of hepatocytes. After 75 days, hepatocytes showed focal ballooning. Bile duct proliferation was seen invading the parenchyma. Nodules of hepatocytes separated by irregular fibrous bands indicated cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS: An animal model of intrahepatic cholestasis has been developed using CCNU; this model may be used to assess the utility of hepatobiliary radiopharmaceuticals.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cholestasis, Intrahepatic/chemically induced , Disease Models, Animal , Liver/drug effects , Lomustine/pharmacology , Male , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
The protective effect of tumeric extract (TE) in diet on CCl4-treated rats was studied. Rats were divided into 5 groups: (1) untreated, (2) CCl4 treated, (3) pre-TE for 2 weeks followed by CCl4, (4) TE + CCl4 given concurrently and (5) 5% TE as positive control. The serum levels of bilirubin, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, (AST), alanine amino transferase (AST), (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase were estimated after 1, 2 and 3 months. CCl4 caused a maximum increase (2-3-fold in all the above parameters. As compared to CCl4 group, a short pre-treatment of TE showed reduction in cholesterol, bilirubin, AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase activity whereas concurrent treatment of TE + CCl4 reduced to a greater extent the levels of all parameters except ALT. To conclude, concurrent treatment of TE gave significant protection against CCl4 though the values did not reach the normal levels.
Subject(s)
Animals , Bilirubin/blood , Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning/therapy , Curcuma , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/blood , Male , Plant Extracts , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Leukocyte acid phosphatase and its isoenzyme composition was studied in leukemic patients to determine the specificity of different isoenzymes in leukemic leukocytes. It was found that leukocyte acid phosphatase content is significantly increased in ALL, AML, and CML patients, while CLL patients had decreased levels of acid phosphatase. The distribution and intensity of leukocyte ACP isoenzymes vary in respective leukemic condition. Thus isoenzyme 'O' was predominant in AML and CML, while isoenzymes 1, 2 and 3 predominated in ALL. The lack of predominance of isoenzyme 3 was a feature in CLL patients. It was concluded that the isoenzyme patterns, though promising, presented inconclusive picture for diagnosis purpose and further studies on immunochemical characteristics of these isoenzymes are warranted to ascertain their cell specificity.