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Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is usually diagnosed between 24th and 28th gestational week using the 75-g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). It is controversial that if FPG ?92 mg/dL before 24th gestational week should be intervened or not. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of FPG to screen GDM before 24th gestational week in women with different pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI).Methods: This was a hospital based retrospective cohort study done at CHC Balipatna, Khurdha, Odisha. Women who had a singleton live birth between June 20, 2016 and June 30, 2019, resided in Balipatna block area and received prenatal care in the Community Health Centre, were included in this study. Pre-pregnancy BMI, FPG before the 24th gestational week, and one-step GDM screening with 75 g-OGTT at the 24th to 28th gestational weeks were extracted from medical records and analyzed. The pregnant women were classified into four groups based on pre-pregnancy BMI: Group A (underweight), Group B (normal), Group C (overweight) and Group D (obesity). Statistical analysis using independent sample t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Pearson Chi-square test was done.Results: The prevalence of GDM was 20.0% (68/341) in the study population. FPG decreased gradually as the gestational age increased in all pre-pregnancy BMI groups until the 19th gestational week. The incidence of GDM in women with FPG ?92 mg/dL in the 19th to 24th gestational weeks and pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity was significantly higher than that in women with FPG ?92 mg/dL and pre-pregnancy BMI <24.0 kg/m2.Conclusions: FPG decreased gradually as the gestational age increased in all pre-pregnancy BMI groups until the 19th gestational week. Pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity was associated with an increased FPG value before the 24th gestational week. FPG ?92 mg/dL between 19 and 24 gestational weeks should be treated as GDM in women with pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity.
ABSTRACT
Background: Wide variation in the lipid profile in pregnancy is quite common. Exaggerated changes in insulin and lipid levels in women with GDM during pregnancy, lead to significant alterations in lipid levels in comparison to normal pregnancy. Lipid metabolism during pregnancy has a significant role to play in the aetiology and pathogenesis of GDM as is indicated by various studies previously.Methods: A hospital-based case control study was conducted at Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha in the Department of Endocrinology. The sample size was 100 pregnant women. Study period was of one year from June 2018 to June 2019. In women of both the groups, i.e., with GDM and without GDM the mean age of presentation were 20-25 yrs. Out of the 100 cases, we took 50 patients of GDM in the cases group and 50 patients of non GDM pregnant women as control group. Fasting lipid profile was sent to the hospital laboratory analyzed by Tinder’s methods. The results thus obtained were analyzed using student ‘t’ test for statistical significance using SPSS version 20.Results: There was no statistical difference in age and parity between control and case group. Triglyceride (cases- 286.4±77.60 mg/dl) (controls-166±26mg/dl), total cholesterol (cases-256.5±41.7 mg/dl) (controls - 202.5±20.18mg/dl), VLDL (cases-53.4±13.2 mg/dl) (controls-46.6±13.1mg/dl) showed statistically significant values (p value<0.001). HDL and LDL values did not show any statistical significance (p value >0.5) among GDM and non GDM group. Lipid profile was performed predominately in women in II trimester.Conclusions: In comparison to non GDM women, it was observed that serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and VLDL level are significantly higher in woman with GDM. Whether lipid profile can be used as a predictor for gestational diabetes mellitus in future needs further research.
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Background: Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from loss of ovarian activity. Menopause normally occurs between the age of 45 to 50 years. The age of menopause varies with geographical, racial and nutritional factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate and to know the incidence of various cause of PMB.Methods: This was a prospective study of the patient with PMB attending the OPD or admitted for evaluation under Obstetrics and Gynecology department. Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, BBSR, Odisha from November 2016 to October 2018 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria with history clinical examination and investigation and informed consent from the patient. Data analyses will be done by appropriate statistical methods.Results: Maximum number of cases with PMB were found in age group 55-64 (52%). 57% of cases were malignant and rest 43% were benign origin. carcinoma cervix is most common malignant lesion in 80% cases and atrophic endometrium is most common benign lesion (42%).Conclusions: In the present study the incidence malignancy causing PMB was 57% and benign cases was 43% Universal Screening of all PMB cases for genital tract malignancy is mandatory.
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Background: India needs around 2,77,000 donations annually to perform 1,00,000 corneal transplants. To enhance the procurement of corneal donations further, raising the level of public education on eye donation was the most important first step. The Govt. of India under the 11th 5-year plan envisages eliminating avoidable blindness completely by 2020. The aim and objective of the study was to compare the awareness of eye donation and willingness to donate eyes among medical and paramedical students.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 400 final year MBBS students and interns and also among the final year B.Sc. nursing students and at Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar from August 2018 to September 2018.Results: The study participants were in the age group of 18-25 years. While 100% medical students had heard about organ donation, 85.5% of paramedical students heard about organ donation. Positive opinion regarding donation of eye post death was got from all the medical students as against 85% of paramedical students. More than 1/3rd of the study participants in both the groups were willing to donate eyes and know more regarding the same and also had a fair idea regarding shortage of donors in India.Conclusions: Awareness of eye donation is better in medical students compared to paramedical students, preferably due to the exposure and study curriculum. Most of the students in both groups were inclined to pledge for eye donation. Awareness regarding eye donation will form the prime base for the elimination of avoidable blindness in India.
ABSTRACT
Background: One of the most important public health issue for developing nations in the world with special reference to India is preventive blindness. In the world, 36 million people are blind and 217 million people are with moderate or severe distance vision impairment. The aim and objectives of the study were a qualitative survey to get an initial picture of rural residents knowledge of the prevalent eye disease; serve as an initial assessment of patient’s baseline knowledge of eye conditions and possible treatment methods to aid in the future development of educational outreach initiatives and studies.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in the rural areas of Jajpur, Nayagarh, Puri and Cuttack district of Odisha during preventive eye screening camps. The study was carried over 6 months from Jan to July 2018. The sample size was calculated to be 914 and the study subjects were all aged 40 years and above comprising of 64.7% male and 35.3% female.Results: In this study we found out that 60.18% reported previous eye doctor visits, 24.08% reported using eye drops prescribed by a non-doctor, while 60.18% of the non-doctor visitors reported not knowing that a doctor should prescribe eye drops. While 76.69% had little or no awareness regarding glaucoma, 51.87% had a fair idea regarding cataract surgery.Conclusions: The increase in patient awareness of prevalent eye diseases and treatments could lead to an increase in patient acceptance regarding the importance of routine eye examinations for proper identification and treatment of various eye conditions.