ABSTRACT
Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) to diagnose Tuberculous (TB) lymphadenitis with compare to excision biopsy and to correlate TB lymphadenitis with clinical, cytological, radiological and mantoux test features. Methods. This was a prospective correlational study. FNAC was done by a pediatrician for 135 children with persisting lymphadenitis after two weeks of antibiotic therapy in the period of January 2005 to June 2006 and compared with excision biopsy in a tertiary care hospital. Results. Forty Six cases (34.07%) were TB lymphadenitis diagnosed by FNAC. Excision biopsy and cytological correlation was done in 100 cases. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy for TB lymphadenitis were found to be 98%, 100% and 99% respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 100 and 98 respectively. Large (>2cm) (86.9%), multiple (52.1%), matted (47.8%), posterior cervical and submandibular group nodes with history of contact (P=0.0016), positive mantoux test (P=0.0001) and Grade III and IV Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) (P=0.0041) were significantly seen in TB lymphadenitis. Ziehl Neelson staining for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) was positive in 32.5% cases of TB Lymphadenitis. Conclusion. Pediatrician himself can do FNAC which is an excellent first line method to diagnose TB lymphadenitis and it has equal accuracy to excision biopsy.
Subject(s)
Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Infant , Lymph Node Excision , Male , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tuberculin Test , Tuberculosis, Lymph Node/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Lymph Node/pathology , Tuberculosis, Lymph Node/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Transmission of HIV from mother to child can occur in utero, during labor or after delivery via breast feeding. Data on the fate of babies born with HIV in India are scarce. We present details of 25 infants with perinatally acquired HIV infection (virologically confirmed) to highlight the observed high rate of morbidity and mortality within the first 18 months of life. Our findings of rapid disease progression among perinatally infected HIV positive children underline the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
Subject(s)
CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Disease Progression , Female , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Humans , India/epidemiology , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Male , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Herpes Zoster is produced by reactivation of latent Varicella Zoster Virus from the dorsal root ganglion of sensory nerves. It is common in older individuals and rarely described in the pediatric age group. We report a case of recurrent herpes zoster in a 3-year-old HIV positive child involving T4 dermatome on the first occasion and subsequently involving T10 dermatome. The child responded well to oral acyclovir.