ABSTRACT
Background: Carotid Intima Media Thickness (CIMT) andCRP (C Reactive Protein) are have been used for measuringAtherosclerotic Risk in Diabetics. However there is paucity ofdata regarding their importance in Statin Naïve Diabetics.Aim: To study Correlation of CIMT with glycaemic control andhsCRP in Statin Naïve Diabetics.Materials and Methods: 80 Cases (Patient suffering from type2 Diabetes Mellitus) and 20 controls (non- diabetic healthpatients) presenting in outpatient department of a tertiaryHospital were included in this observational cross sectionalobservational study. Complete Blood Count, urine Routine andMicroscopy, urine for microalbuminuria, fasting plasma glucose(FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPPG), glycatedhaemoglobin (HbA1C), lipid profile, renal function test, hs-CRPand CIMT were evaluated in each individual. Independentsamples T-test was used to compare CIMT and hs-CRP bothcases and controls. Test of proportion and chi-square test wasused for association between categorical variables.Spearman’s method was used to assess correlation betweenhsCRP and CIMT.Results: 80 cases (Statin naïve and Non-smoker Diabeticpatients and 20 healthy controls were included in this study.Average CIMT in cases was significantly higher in Diabeticcases than Control (0.66 + 0.14 vs 0.56±0.05, difference= 0.10 mm, 95% C.I. (0.1 - 0.17), p < 0.0001). HsCRP wassignificantly correlated with average CIMT in Diabetic cases.(r=0.512, 95% C.I. 0.33-0.658, p<0.0001). Fasting Blood Sugarwas correlated with average CIMT in Diabetic cases. (r=0.234,95% C.I. 0.015-0.432, p=0.0366). Post Prandial Blood Sugarwas also correlated with average CIMT (r=0.300, 95% C.I.0.086-0.488, p=0.00677).Conclusion: Cardiovascular risk factors like glycaemic controland inflammatory markers like hsCRP are significantlyassociated with CIMT even in non-smoking and statin naïveDiabetics.
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background and Aim: Central venous catheters can be considered as important pillars in the practice of modern-day intensivecare including oncological and onco-hematological units. However, like all medical interventions, central venous catheters tooare linked with a number of complications. The objective of the particular study had been aimed to assess the complicationslinked with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in a group of oncology patients.Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we included all patients carrying PICCs (n = 201) inserted at SMH cancerCentre during June 2015–May 2018 (i.e., 36 months). The major variables that were collected and analyzed have been medicalinvestigation, catheter care, placement, time span of catheterization, rationale of catheter removal, obstacles, and nursing care.Complications/obstacles were enumerated as infection, phlebitis, edema, thrombosis, ecchymosis, and/or migration.Results: The same nursing care protocol was used to treat all the patients. The rate of incidence of complications was notedto be two cases per 1000 days of catheter time span. The most pertinent complications warranting the removal of PICCs werefound to be infection and thrombosis, with an incidence of 0.17 cases per 1000 days of total catheterization duration. The averagetime period of catheterization was 170 days. In addition to common causes such as “treatment completion” (48.42%) and “death”(22.53%), the other most talked cause of catheter removal was its migration (displacement toward the exterior) of 5.90%.Conclusions: The central venous catheter (PICC) is quite a safe device that allows the administration of long-term treatment inaddition to preserving the integrity of the venous system of the patient. Adequate care of the catheter is quite crucial to preventthe occurrence of complications and improve the quality of life of the patients having oncological and hematological conditions.Thus, proper training with the latest recommendations for nursing staff as well as patients is particularly required.
ABSTRACT
The Thar Desert, a very inhospitable place, accommodates only plant species that survive acute drought, unpredictable precipitation, and those can grow in the limited moisture of sandy soils. Capparis decidua is among one of the few plants able to grow well under these conditions. This species is highly exploited and has been naturally taken, as local people use it for various purposes like food, timber and fuel, although, no management or conservation efforts have been established. The present study was conducted in this arid area of Western Rajasthan (India) with the aim to obtain preliminary molecular information about this group of plants. We evaluated diversity among 46 samples of C. decidua using chemical parameters and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Fourteen chemical parameters and eight minerals (total 22 variables) of this species fruits were estimated. A total of 14 RAPD primers produced 235 band positions, of which 81.27% were polymorphic. Jaccard s similarity coefficients for RAPD primers ranged from 0.34 to 0.86 with a mean genetic similarity of 0.50. As per observed coefficient of variation, NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber) content was found to be the most variable trait followed by starch and soluble carbohydrate. The Manhattan dissimilarity coefficient values for chemical parameters ranged between 0.02-0.31 with an average of 0.092. The present study revealed a very low correlation (0.01) between chemical parameters and RAPD-based matrices. The low correlation between chemical- and RAPD-based matrices indicated that the two methods were different and highly variable. The chemical-based diversity will assist in selection of nutritionally rich samples for medicinal purpose, while genetic diversity to face natural challenges and find sustainable ways to promote conservation for future use.
El desierto de Thar, un lugar muy inhóspito, alberga sólo a las especies de plantas capaces de resistir a condiciones de sequía extrema, a las precipitaciones impredecibles, y a las plantas que pueden crecer en la humedad limitada de los suelos arenosos. Capparis decidua se encuentra entre una las pocas plantas capaces de crecer bien en estas condiciones. Esta especie es altamente explotada y se ha tomado de forma natural, así los habitantes locales las han usado para varios propósitos, como alimento, madera y combustible, aunque sin ningún programa de manejo o esfuerzo por conservación. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo en esta zona árida del oeste de Rajastán (India) con el objetivo de obtener información molecular preliminar sobre este grupo de plantas. Se evaluó la diversidad entre 46 muestras de C. decidua usando parámetros químicos y marcadores de ADN polimórfico amplificado al azar (RAPD por sus siglas en inglés). Catorce parámetros químicos y ocho minerales (22 variables en total) de los frutos de esta especie fueron estimados. Un total de 14 cebadores para RAPD produjeron 235 posiciones de bandas, de las cuales 81.27% fueron polimórficas. El coeficiente de similitud de Jaccard para los cebadores del RAPD varió entre 0.34 y 0.86 con un promedio de similitud genética de 0.50. De acuerdo con el coeficiente de variación observado, se encontró que el contenido de NDF fue el rasgo más variable, seguido por el almidón y los carbohidratos solubles. Los valores del coeficiente de disimilitud de Manhattan para los parámetros químicos osciló entre 0.02-0.31 con un promedio de 0.092. El presente estudio reveló una correlación muy baja (0.01) entre los parámetros químicos y las matrices basadas en RAPD. La baja correlación entre las matrices químicas y la basada en RAPD indicó que los dos métodos fueron diferentes y altamente variables. El estudio de la diversidad basada en su química ayudará en la selección de muestras nutricionalmente ricas para fines medicinales, mientras que la diversidad genética ayudará a enfrentar los desafíos naturales y encontrar formas sostenibles para promover la conservación de esta plana para uso futuro.