ABSTRACT
Introduction: Maternal death (MD) is defined as deathof a woman occurring while pregnant or within 42 days oftermination of pregnancy irrespective of the duration or itsmanagement. Accidental or incidental causes are not included.Maternal mortality rate (MMR) of the region indicates thequality of maternal health care, availability of health carefacilities and overall socio-economical status of the populationin general. It is essential to know the exact cause responsiblefor maternal death which is possible by detailed autopsy andcareful pathological study under expert guidance.Material and Methods: Autopsy study was performed in100 consecutive cases of maternal deaths, over a period of22 months. Detailed gross and microscopic examination ofthe visceral organs that included uterus, placenta was carriedout in all cases of maternal deaths. Analysis of pathologicalfindings was done in the light of available clinical data.Results: Out of the 100 cases of maternal deaths 87%belonged to age group of 21 to 30 years. There were 52%deaths in antenatal period. Direct causes were responsible formaternal deaths in 52% cases, indirect causes in 43% casesand in 5% cases the causes were coincidental.Conclusion: Direct causes of MD were more frequent thanindirect causes in the present study. Haemorrhage beingthe most common direct cause of MD. Lesser accessibilityto health care facilities at peripheral health centres for theprospective mothers is highlighted by the present study.
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Background: A wide variety of inflammatory, premalignant and malignant lesions can occur on the vulva. Some of the lesions are limited to the vulva, while some also involve other parts of the body. Although vulvar diseases can cause a significant issue in the patients, they are less commonly discussed than those of cervix, uterus and ovary. Most of the asymptomatic lesions remain un-noticed, and are seen during routine gynecological checkups. Common complaints in symptomatic lesions are lumps, discomfort, itching and pain. Since the symptoms are nonspecific; determining the location of the lesion can assist with the diagnosis. Being a genital part with skin covering on outer aspect and mucosal lining inside, it is associated with various dermatological, nutritional, and hormonal as well as sexually transmitted diseases. The present study thus was conducted to categorize vulvar lesions based on their histological diagnosis and also to study the morphological spectrum of precursor lesions for malignancy.Methods: Present study includes all types of vulvar lesions sent for pathological study in the Department of pathology, at GMC Nagpur over the period of one year.Results: Total 34 lesions were studied including a wide diagnostic range from inflammatory, dermatological to benign, premalignant and malignant. Inflammatory lesions including various infections and LSA (Lichen sclerosus atrophicus) were the most commonly seen lesions along with collection of neoplastic lesions.Conclusions: Proper diagnostic categorization of the lesions is essential for initiating therapy and reducing patient’s anxiety. Morphology of these lesions along with their diagnostic significance is discussed.
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Introduction: Computed tomography guided fine needleaspiration cytology is a safe and well established technique forthe diagnosis of lung and mediastinal lesions. This study wascarried out in the department of pathology in the tertiary healthcare and teaching institute where radiology department is wellestablished. The aim was to study the cytomorphology of thespectrum of the lung and mediastinal lesions and to correlatethe cytological diagnosis with the radiological diagnosis.Material and methods: Computed tomography guided fineneedle aspiration cytology was done in 90 pateints after takingwritten consent of the patient. Patients were explained thebenefits and risks of the procedure. The results were analysed.Results: A total of 90 patients were included in the study.There were 81 patients of lung lesions and nine patients ofmediastinal lesions. There were 63(70%) males and 27(30%)females. Adequate aspirate was obtained in 77 patientsgiving the adequacy rate of 85.55%. Adenocarcinomawas the most common type of lung malignancy and NonHodgkins Lymphoma was the most common malignancyin the mediastinum. Inflammatory lesions were seen in 13cases. Granulomatous lesions were found in six patients. Oneinteresting case of hydatid with aspergillosis was diagnosedon cytology smears, which on radiology was diagnosed asneoplastic. Pneumothorax was seen in three patients. Nopatient required chest tube insertion.Conclusion: Computed tomography guided fine needleaspiration cytology is a safe and reliable method for thediagnosis of lung and mediastinal lesions. It can help inearly diagnosis and initiation of the treatment avoiding majorsurgical procedures.
ABSTRACT
Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis is an uncommon condition characterized by gas filled cysts within the bowel wall. We present a case of a 40-year old male who complained of abdominal pain and distension. The clinical diagnosis was intestinal obstruction and intraoperative impression was intestinal lymphangioma. The resected segment of the bowel showed multiple thin walled, tense, air-filled cysts on the serosal surface, which collapsed with a popping sound when pricked. The histologic diagnosis was pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis. Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis has varied clinical manifestations, course and outcome depending on its benign or fulminant form. There are varying theories regarding its pathogenesis and it is seen in association with a variety of diseases. Hence it should be interpreted with relevance to its entire clinical context, as it may not be a disease in itself but a sequel to other conditions.