ABSTRACT
Introduction: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is acause for approximately 10-20% of spontaneous intracerebralhaemorrhage in elderly population. Susceptibility weightedimaging (SW1) is a new imaging method is clinically usefulfor evaluating the presence of chronic blood products in thebrain, especially clinically silent microbleeds associatedwith cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Aim of this study was todetermine the advantages of Susceptibility weighted imaging(SW1) over conventional gradient echo (GRE) technique in aprobable diagnosis of Cerebral amyloid angiopathy.Material and Methods: All patients more than 55 yrspresented with neurological signs and symptoms referredfor neuroimaging, were subjected to image with MRI usingT1W, T2W, FLAIR. AXIAL 2D MERGE, Diffusion weightedimaging (DWI) including apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) and Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). Thosecases having multiple macro and micro haemorrhagesinvolving cortical and sub cortical region detected by eithergradient or SWI included in the study.Results: Sudden onset of neurological deficit was the mostcommon symptom which accounted for 37% of cases.Cortical and sub cortical regions are most commonly involvedsites. On comparison between gradient and SWI, 11 caseshaving micro hemorrgages detected only by SWI and absentin gradient.Conclusion: GE - T2* MR imaging is currently the “ standard”for identifying microhemorrhages and diagnosing cerebralamyloid angiopathy based on number and distribution of microhaemorrhages. SW1 identified many more microhemorrhagesthan conventional T2* weighted GE magnitude technique andmay lead to earlier diagnosis of patients with CAA.
ABSTRACT
Background: The incidence and epidemiological causes of maxillofacial trauma and facial fractures varieswidely in different regions of the world. To reduce morbidity and mortality, early recognition of severe headtrauma and concomitant injuries remains an important part of the initial assessment and treatment plan ofseverely injured patients.Purpose of the study: To find out the demographic trends, etiology, pattern of trauma, site and severity offractures and coexisting injuries in patients presented with maxillofacial injury.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 88 patients during the period from may 2017 to april 2018on patients presented with facio-maxillary injury at S.C.B Medical College & Ashwini Hospital, Cuttack, Govt.Medical College & Hosppital, Balasore, Odisha, India.Results: In this study maxillofacial injuries are more in compare to female (7.8:1). Majority of the cases areobservesd in tha age group 21-30 yr followed by 31 – 40 yr and no cases in more than 70 yr age group. Mostcommon cause is road traffic accident (82.9%) followed by assult (6.8%). Maximum number of patients havefracture of mandible (46.6%) followed by maxilla (31.8%). Mandibular fractures occurred most commonly in theparasymphyseal region (35.2%), followed by body (23.8%). Fracture of maxilla bone was present commonly atbody in 15 (53.6%) cases followed by blow out fracture (21.5%). Most of the faciomaxillary trauma patients haveassociated injuries like head injury (52.3%) followed by Extremities injury (36.4%).Conclusion: Maxillofacial injuries commonly due to road traffic accidents are more frequent in male. The routineuse of a head as well as full-body CT scan for all severely injured patients is recommended to ensure that noconcomitant injury is overlooked.