Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Diarrhea/complications , Diarrhea/microbiology , Dysentery, Bacillary/complications , Female , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/etiology , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/therapy , Humans , Infant , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Intubation, Intratracheal , Male , Nepal , Renal Dialysis , Shigella dysenteriae/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
This study was conducted to elucidate the changes in key antioxidant enzymes e.g. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) along with lipid peroxidation (LPO) in preterm newborns having hyaline membrane disease (HMD) and thus to find out role of free radicals mediated injury in this disease. Twenty one preterm appropriate for gestational age newborns were included in the study. Eleven of them had hyaline membrane disease and ten were controls without any disease. Status of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, the three main antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation was monitored at 12-24 hours of age. SOD and catalase were found significantly elevated in cases having hyaline membrane disease along with significantly more lipid peroxidation. It is evident that free radicals result in the induction of the antioxidant enzymes; however, the elevated enzymes are unable to counteract the high concentration of the free radicals which are being produced in the diseased cases and leads to increase in lipid peroxidation in hyaline membrane disease. It is concluded that free radicals play a significant role in hyaline membrane disease and the preterm newborns have ability to induce antioxidant enzymes in response to oxidative stress.
Subject(s)
Catalase/blood , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Free Radicals/metabolism , Glutathione Peroxidase/blood , Humans , Hyaline Membrane Disease/diagnosis , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Lipid Peroxidation/physiology , Lung/physiopathology , Male , Superoxide Dismutase/bloodABSTRACT
Fifty two children were immunized with two doses of enhanced potency inactivated polio vaccine in order to determine its efficacy. The vaccine was very efficacious with 92.3, 92.3 and 88.3% of the children seroconverting to the three poliovirus types, respectively. The vaccine was equally efficacious whether the two doses were given at 4-week or 8-week intervals or when immunization was started at 6-7 weeks of age or later. The presence of maternal antibodies did not interfere significantly with the seroresponse to two doses of IPV-E. The study recommends that two doses of IPV-E give satisfactory seroconversion rates. Immunization can be started as early as 6 weeks age and the two doses can be given at 4 weeks interval to complete primary immunization against poliomyelitis.