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Aims: Foliar nutrition is aimed to eliminate the problems of fixation and immobilization of nutrients. Hence, foliar nutrition is being recognized as a significant way of fertilizing modern agriculture, especially under rainfed conditions. Nano fertilizers because of smaller size and higher surface area are efficient as compared to conventional and produce better results when used in combined form.Study Design: The experiment was laid out in Randomized complete block design with three replications.Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment was conducted in medium black soils at Agricultural Research Station, Hagari, during Kharif 2022.Methodology: There were ten treatment combinations, consisting of different doses of RDF (50 % RNP, 75 % RNP and 100 % RDF and absolute control) with different doses of nano urea and Dap sprayed at 30 and 45 DAS for CSH-16 hybrid of sorghum.Results: Application of 75% RNP as basal + nano urea & DAP spray @ 1.5 ml l-1 each at 30 and 45 DAS recorded significantly higher number of leaves, leaf area and leaf area index. It also produced higher earhead length (35.9 cm), number of grains earhead-1 (2207), grain weight (57 g plant-1) and test weight (29.3 g 1000 grains-1). Nutrient content and uptake also showed higher values for the same treatment along with the nutrient use efficiency indices. Whereas, significant reduction in soil microbes was noticed by the application of treatment.Conclusion: Combined application of conventional and nano fertilizers helped to increase growth, growth attributes like number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index, yield attributes, nutrient content, nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency of sorghum.
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Background: Early and accurate diagnosis of the cause of pelvic pain in first trimester of pregnancy is essential for appropriate clinical decision making thereby enabling correct and timely management. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of ultrasonography in evaluation various causes of pelvic pain in the first trimester of pregnancy and correlate the imaging findings with clinical/per-operative findings.Methods: This was a prospective observational study approved by the Institutional Review Board and conducted from November 2016 to March 2018. 67 patients with pelvic pain in their first trimester, attending the antenatal clinic or OBG emergency underwent pelvic ultrasonography and the findings were correlated with clinical/per-operative findings.Results: Ectopic pregnancies formed the largest individual group comprising of 45 (67.2%) cases of the total study population followed by spontaneous abortion 5(7.5%). Other causes included subchorionic haemorrhage, ovarian torsion, uterine fibroid, simple/haemorrhagic/dermoid cyst of ovary and acute appendicitis. 4 (6%) patients had normal intrauterine pregnancy.Conclusions: Ultrasonography has high diagnostic accuracy of 94% and 100% sensitivity for detecting the cause of first trimester pelvic pain.
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Background: Early and accurate diagnosis of the cause of pelvic pain in first trimester of pregnancy is essential for appropriate clinical decision making thereby enabling correct and timely management. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of ultrasonography in evaluation various causes of pelvic pain in the first trimester of pregnancy and correlate the imaging findings with clinical/per-operative findings.Methods: This was a prospective observational study approved by the Institutional Review Board and conducted from November 2016 to March 2018. 67 patients with pelvic pain in their first trimester, attending the antenatal clinic or OBG emergency underwent pelvic ultrasonography and the findings were correlated with clinical/per-operative findings.Results: Ectopic pregnancies formed the largest individual group comprising of 45 (67.2%) cases of the total study population followed by spontaneous abortion 5(7.5%). Other causes included subchorionic haemorrhage, ovarian torsion, uterine fibroid, simple/haemorrhagic/dermoid cyst of ovary and acute appendicitis. 4 (6%) patients had normal intrauterine pregnancy.Conclusions: Ultrasonography has high diagnostic accuracy of 94% and 100% sensitivity for detecting the cause of first trimester pelvic pain.
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The present experiment was carried at Agricultural Research Station, Hagari, Ballari, Karnataka to evaluate the response of iron and boron on growth, yield and quality of safflower during two consecutive years 2020-21. The experiment consisted of seven treatments, includes T1: Absolute control, T2: RDF (40:40:12.5 kg NPK +30 kg Sulphur +15 kg ZnSO4ha-1), T3: RDF + 15 kg FeSO4ha-1, T4: RDF + 1.0 kg Boron ha-1, T5: RDF + 15 kg FeSO4ha-1+ 1.0 kg Boron ha-1, T6: RDF + 20 kg FeSO4ha-1, T7: RDF + 1.5 kg Boron ha-1 and T8: RDF + 20 kg FeSO4ha-1 +1.5 kg Boron ha-1 which replicated thrice in randomized complete block design. The results of the experiment revealed that the combined application of iron and boron i.e. 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) along with 20 kg iron per ha and 1.5 kg boron per ha (T8) recorded significantly maximum plant height (117.0 cm), number of leaves per plant (94.3), number of primary branches per plant (14.1), number of secondary branches per plant (21.3), total dry matter production (2878 kg), number of capsules per plant (36.9), seed weight per head (0.94), thousand seed weight (68.5 g), and seed yield (15.96 q ). Further, the quality parameters such as protein (15.5 %) and oil content (28.8 %) were significantly enhanced in same treatment.
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Background: Refractive error occurs when the parallel rays of light coming from infinity are focused either in front or behind the retina, in one or both the meridians resulting in blurred image. The purpose of this study is to assess the level of awareness and perception of contact lens usage and refractive surgery among first year undergraduate medical students. Methods: A cross sectional, observational questionnaire-based study was done on students studying in Saveetha medical college near Sriperumbudur between February 2021 to April 2021 to assess student’s awareness and perception of contact lens usage and refractive surgery. Results: Totally 250 students were studied, of which 39.76% were under 20 years, 61.85% are not contact lens users, 51.41% think that appropriate time of wearing contact lens was 8 hours per day, 64.66% think that soft contact lens should be used, 70.28% think that contact lens should be renewed every 3 months, 38.96% are not aware of refractive surgery, 54.62% think that dry eye is the complication of long term usage of contact lens, 44.18% think that contact lens are required even after surgery, 38.55% think that there will be complications even after refractive error surgery. Conclusions: The awareness of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding contact lenses usage and refractive surgery was evaluated among the participants to identify the points of weakness and construct a proper health education among the students.
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Aim: To compare the caries risk profile in children with mild, moderate, and severe intellectual disability (ID) using cariogram. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare caries risk profile using cariogram among 150 children aged 6–18 years, with various levels of ID (50 each in Mild ID, Moderate ID, and Severe ID groups), attending special schools in Bengaluru city. The risk assessment consisted of: a questionnaire, an interview, estimation of oral hygiene, saliva sampling, microbial evaluation and clinical examination. Statistical analysis of the results obtained was performed using Chi-square/Fischer's exact test, Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney test. Results: The overall comparison showed significant differences between the groups across all parameters except diet (P = 0.131), fluoride exposure (P = 1), salivary flow rate (P = 0.3), and buffer capacity (P = 1). Caries risk was high among children with severe intellectually disability while the actual chance to avoid caries was found to be high in the Mild ID group. Bacteria was one of the dominant caries risk sectors followed by susceptibility, circumstances, and diet. Conclusion: Cariogram can be used as an effective tool in assessing caries prediction, thus aiding in identifying different risk groups in a community so that appropriate preventive measures can be implemented to overcome the caries risk.
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Background: As there is some improvement in sanitary latrine use and safe disposal of child faeces which is the one of the important goal of millennium development goals, awareness, practice and lack of community and household sanitary latrines is still a major problem. The objective was to study awareness and practice about use of sanitary latrine in villages.Methods: The study was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice in rural villages of Kalaburagi District, Karnataka, India. The study sample consist a total of 500 participants.Results: The prevalence of usage of sanitary latrines was 40%. The prevalence of open air defecation in the study was 97.4%. There was significant association between belief, low standard of living and open air defecation.Conclusions: To overcome the underutilization problem of sanitary latrines in rural areas is to provide quality household and community sanitary latrines along with the provision for creating awareness among the population regarding the benefit of using sanitary latrine.
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Background: Gutkha is a preparation of crushed tobacco, lime, catechu, areca nut and flavouring agent. Gutkha chewing may lead to various diseases like cancer of oral cavity, gingival diseases, addiction, submucosal fibrosis and overall poor health of an individual. The use of gutkha in youths is highly prevalent due to a lack of awareness and education and has misconceptions, particularly in rural areas like chewing tobacco products aids in digestion, acts as germ-killer, mood enhancement and tension relief.Methods: The study was undertaken to know the knowledge, attitude and practice among gutkha chewers of Hiroli village in Kalaburagi district, Karnataka, India. The study sample comprised a total of 479 participants.Results: The result of the study showed that the prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption is high in rural population (49.2%). And most of the participants (51%) agreed that gutkha chewing is injurious to health, but the knowledge of gutkha causing oral and throat cancer was limited (40.6% and 36.4% respectively).Conclusions: The result indicated to increase awareness programs on associated health risks that focus on improving the knowledge, attitude and practice of gutkha chewing.
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Background: Alcohol is one of the leading causes of the death and disability globally. About two billion people worldwide consume alcoholic beverages and about one-third (nearly 7.6 million) are likely to have one or more diagnosable alcohol use disorders. In India, the economic returns from alcohol override public health issues with the situation being one of “getting less and losing more”. Aims & Objectives: To find out the prevalence of alcohol consumption in relation to socio-demographic characteristics among adults and elderly population of Uttarakhand. Methods and materials: This is a cross sectional study. In this study we included four different geographic settings (urban, rural, town and slum) of Uttarakhand. A simple random methodology was adopted. Results: Out of 400 participants interviewed, alcohol consumption was reported higher in 30-49 years age group (45%), married (38%), employed (58%), males (72%), residing in rural areas (43%). Conclusion: In Uttarakhand percentage of alcohol consumption is higher among middle age group (30-49 year). Males are more alcoholic than females.
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Background: Replacement of missing teeth has become a successful option ever since the discovery of Osseo-integration and introduction of implants in the dental field. It has proved to be a therapeutic breakthrough especially for edentulous people. Implants supported over dentures are becoming the first choice of treatment for edentulous patients as they provide various advantages over the conventional dentures most importantly enhancing the denture retention and stability. This article discusses the rehabilitation of a completely edentulous patient with a mandibular implant supported over-denture which drastically improved the oral health related quality of life.
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Common dental causes of odontogenic sinus tracts include endodontic or periodontal infections, trauma, retained roots and residual chronic infection of the jaws. They are uncommon, and often misdiagnosed. The sinus tracts are most frequently associated with mandibular teeth, which have been documented in 80 to 87% of the reported cases. Extraoral fistulas typically present as erythematous, symmetrical, crusting, smooth and non-tender nodules with periodic drainage. Cutaneous sinus tracts of odontogenic origin represents one among the many types of sinus tracts that may form on the face and neck region. They are usually present on the chin and cheek region. The cutaneous sinus resolves rapidly if the lesion is recognized early and diagnosed properly followed by surgical excision of sinus tract, removal of offending tooth and cutaneous closure is performed.
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Abstracts: Ectodermal dysplasia is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a constellation of findings involving defects of two or more of the following: teeth, skin, and appendageal structures including hair, nails, and eccrine and sebaceous glands. Ectodermal dysplasia might be inherited in any form of several genetic patterns including autosomal-dominant, autosomal-recessive, and X-linked modes. Oral traits may express themselves as anodontia, hypodontia, and conical teeth. Anodontia also manifests itself by a lack of alveolar ridge development. In this case report; it is aimed to describe the prosthetic rehabilitation of the Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.
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Orofacial clefts are the most prevalent craniofacial birth defects and these malformations transform an infant with severe functional and esthetic handicaps. Cleft lip and palate is a common malformation that occurs in about 2 in 1000 live births. The cleft can vary from a hardly visible furrow in the palate or on one side of the lip to bilateral complete clefts of the lip, alveolus and palate. Clefts of the lip, alveolus and palate are highly complicated malformations. The problems associated such as speech, function, esthetic, and socio-psychological and more precisely deleterious effect on the growth and development of teeth, alveolus and jaws. A specialized corrective surgery is mandatory and indicated in early months of life to achieve the best outcome to improve the function and appearance. We are presenting a case of unilateral incomplete cleft lip with primary repair in a 4months and 20days baby boy.
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Objective: To evaluate antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of embelin and its derivatives. Methods: In the present study embelin was condensed with various aliphatic substituted primary amines, hydrazines and amino acids to yield seven new and five reported derivatives. All these compounds along with embelin were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity using ABTS and DPPH methods. Potent compounds were selected for in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Results: Hydrazines, amino acids substituted embelin derivatives and phenazines showed potent antioxidant activity. These compounds along with embelin were studied for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities at 10 and 20 mg/kg doses by standard methods. Potent analgesic activity higher than the standard pentazocine was observed. Embelin and its derivatives almost completely abolished the acetic acid induced writhing. Phenyl alanine and phenazine derivative showed better anti-inflammatory activity than embelin. Conclusion: Further research would be of interest to explain the exact mechanism of these compounds and chemical modifications, biological screening and toxicity studies can also be explored.
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Infection of the dental pulp occurs as a consequence of caries, operative dental procedures and trauma. These infections often cause total pulpal necrosis and subsequently stimulate an immune response in the periapical region. The latter is commonly referred to as a periapical lesion. The ultimate goal of endodontic therapy should be to return the involved teeth to a state of health and function without surgical intervention. All inflammatory periapical lesions should be initially treated with conservative nonsurgical procedures. Surgical intervention is recommended only after nonsurgical techniques have failed. Besides, surgery has many drawbacks, which limit its use in the management of periapical lesions. A nonsurgical approach should always be adopted before resorting to surgery. Periodic follow-up examinations are essential. Irrespective of the size of the lesion every attempt should be made to treat the periapical lesions with non-surgical endodontic therapy. The aim of this paper is to present two case reports of periapical radiolucent lesions, which were treated, non-surgically.
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In mid-face the maxilla represents the bridge between the cranial base superiorly and the dental occlusal plane inferiorly. Its valuable relation with the oral cavity, nasal cavity, and orbits and the multitude of structures contained within and adjacent to it make the maxilla a functionally and cosmetically precise structure. Fracture of these facial bones is potentially life-threatening as well as disfiguring. In time surgical intervention of these fractures provides the best chance to correct deformity and prevent unfavourable sequelae.
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In mid-face, the zygomatic bone and arch represents the bridge between the maxilla, orbital cavity and temporal bone anterosuperior and posterior, respectively. Zygomatic arch plays a potential relation with the maxilla, petrous part of temporal bone, orbits and the multitude of structures contained within and posterior to it make the temporomandibular joint functionally. Fracture of the zygomatic arch of the bone is potentially disturb the function of the mandibular jaw while opening and closing as well as disfigure by forming depression on face even in case of undisplaced. In time and reduction of arch fracture provides the best chance to avoid facial deformity, jaw dysfunction and prevents unfavorable sequelae. We conclude that, Gillies approach for undisplaced arch fracture reduction will be considerable due to simple and effective method and cosmetically more acceptable.
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Odontomas are non-aggressive hamartomatous developmental malformations or lesions of odontogenic origin consist of enamel, dentin, cementum and pulpal tissue. Odontomas are classified in to compound and complex. Maxillary anterior region is the most frequent site for the occurrence of compound odontomas. Intraosseous migration of unerupted teeth is a rare natural condition wherein the tooth usually shows impaction due to many pathological conditions and it occurs more in mandible involves primarily the second premolars or the canine. Among these many pathological conditions odontomas are the one of them but rarest is compound odontomas in anterior mandible. Although there are many studies and statistical data on lesions available, diagnosis should not be restricted by epidemiological characteristics. Instead it is important to account all clinical, radiographic, and pathologic signs and symptoms as well as differential diagnosis for definitive diagnosis. Additionally, it is clear that lesions often behave in an unforeseen or unusual ways. Thus, we are concluding that considering the literature, the compound odontomas their incidence is rare and unusual in anterior region of mandible. We are presenting a case with rare incidence of compound odontomas in anterior region of mandible with transmigration of impacted canine.
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Avulsion of tooth or teeth is defined as displacement of tooth from its socket. An avulsed permanent tooth is one of the few real emergency situations in dentistry. Avulsion of teeth occurs most often in children between 7 and 9 years of age. It requires quick emergency intervention for favourable healing followed by evaluation and possible treatment at decisive times during the healing phase. Replantation is the first line of treatment for avulsed teeth when extraoral time is less and minimal damage to the PDL. It includes stabilization of teeth in its normal position which helps in reattachment and reorganization of the periodontal ligament. Every possible effort should be made to replant it in order to avoid esthetic, masticatory, phonetic difficulties and avoid arch length discrepancy.